1 王陇德. 中国脑卒中防治报告[R]. 北京：中国协和医

科大学出版社，2016.

2 国家卫生计生委脑卒中防治工程委员会. 中国脑卒

中护理指导规范[C]. 北京：2016年中国脑卒中大会，

2016.

3 Mozaffarian D，Benjamin EJ，Go AS，et al. Heart

disease and stroke statistics--2015 update：a report

from the American Heart Association[J]. Circulation，

2015，131：e29-e322.

4 Levine DA，Langa KM. Vascular cognitive

impairment：disease mechanisms and therapeutic

implications[J]. Neurotherapeutics，2011，8：361-373.

5 Mijajlovi MD，Pavlovi A，Brainin M，et al. Poststroke

dementia – a comprehensive review[J]. BMC

Med，2017，15：11.

6 Ankolekar S，Geeganage C，Anderton P，et al.

Clinical trials for preventing post stroke cognitive

impairment[J]. J Neurol Sci，2010，299：168-174.

7 胡昔权，窦祖林，万桂芳，等. 脑卒中患者认知功能障

碍的发生率及其影响因素的探讨[J]. 中华物理医学与

康复杂志，2003，25：219-222.

8 Elbaz A，Vicente-Vytopilova P，Tavernier B，et al.

Motor function in the elderly：evidence for the reserve

hypothesis[J]. Neurology，2013，81：417-426.

9 Pendlebury ST，Rothwell PM. Prevalence，incidence，

and factors associated with pre-stroke and post-stroke

dementia：a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].

Lancet Neurol，2009，8：1006-1018.

10 程颜梅，刘伟，孔会铎. 脑卒中后认知功能障碍的危

险因素[J]. 医学信息，2014，27：663-664.

11 Al-Qazzaz NK，Ali SH，Ahmad SA，et al. Cognitive

impairment and memory dysfunction after a stroke

diagnosis：a post-stroke memory assessment[J].

Neuropsychiatric Dis Treat，2014，10：1677-1691.

12 Seshadri S，Beiser A，Kelly-Hayes M，et al.

The lifetime risk of stroke：estimates from the

Framingham Study[J]. Stroke，2006，37：345-350.

13 Renjen PN，Gauba C，Chaudhari D. Cognitive

impairment after stroke[J]. Cureus，2015，7：e335.

14 Sun JH，Tan L，Yu JT. Post-stroke cognitive

impairment：epidemiology，mechanisms and

management[J]. Ann Transl Med，2014，2：80.

15 Yu KH，Cho SJ，Oh MS，et al. Cognitive impairment

evaluated with Vascular Cognitive Impairment

Harmonization Standards in a multicenter prospective

stroke cohort in Korea[J]. Stroke，2013，44：786-788.

16 Pendlebury ST，Rothwell PM. Prevalence，incidence，

and factors associated with pre-stroke and post-stroke

dementia：a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].

Lancet Neurol，2009，8：1006-1018.

17 贾建平，李丹，周爱红，等. 阿尔茨海默病的流行病学

研究[N]. 中国医学论坛报，2014-06-13.

18 Qu Y，Zhuo L，Li N，et al. Prevalence of poststroke

cognitive impairment in China：a communitybased，

cross-sectional study[J]. PLoS ONE，2015，10：

e0122864.

19 Danovska M，Stamenov B，Alexandrova M，et al.

Post-stroke cognitive impairment phenomenology

and prognostic factors[J]. Journal of IMAB，2012，18：

290-297.

20 曲艳吉，卓琳，詹思延. 中国脑卒中后认知障碍流行

病学特征的系统评价[J]. 中华老年心脑血管病杂志，

2013，15：1294-1301.

21 Nys GM，van Zandvoort MJ，van der Worp HB，et

al. Early cognitive impairment predicts long-term

depressive symptoms and quality of life after stroke[J].

J Neurol Sci，2006，247：149-156.

22 陈建伟，韩立海，张红梅，等. 脑卒中后认知障碍患

者早期认知康复护理的效果[J]. 中华现代护理杂志，

2012，18：3614-3617.

23 Zhong XP，Geng JG，Lu Y，et al. Correlation of

cognitive dysfunction with hemiplegia and aphasia

in patients with acute stroke[J]. Chinese Journal of

Clinical Rehabilitation，2006，10：181-183.

24 Rodríguez García PL，Rodríguez García D. Diagnosis

of vascular cognitive impairment and its main

categories[J]. Neurologia，2015，30：223-239.

25 Wardlaw JM，Smith EE，Biessels GJ，et al.

Neuroimaging standards for research into small

vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and

neurodegeneration[J]. Lancet Neurol，2013，12：822-

838.

26 Skrobot OA，O'Brien J，Black S，et al. The vascular

impairment of cognition classification consensus

study[J]. Alzheimers Dement，2016. pii：S1552-

5260(16)33073-4.

27 李涛，王华丽，杨渊韩，等. 中文版《AD8》信度与效

度的初步研究[J]. 中华内科杂志，2012，51：777-780.

28 McCarten JR，Anderson P，Kuskowski MA，et al.

Screening for cognitive impairment in an elderly

veteran population：acceptability and results using

different versions of the Mini-Cog[J]. J Am Geriatr

Soc，2011，59：309-313.

29 Kennedy RE，Wadley VG，McClure LA，et al.

Performance of the NINDS-CSN 5-minute protocol

in a national population-based sample[J]. J Int

Neuropsychol Soc，2014，20：856-867.

30 Katzman R，Zhang MY，Ouang-Ya-Qu，et

al. A Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State

Examination; impact of illiteracy in a Shanghai

dementia survey[J]. J Clin Epidemiol，1988，41：971-

978.

31 Nasreddine ZS，Phillips NA，Bédirian V，et al. The

Montreal Cognitive Assessment，MoCA：a brief

screening tool for mild cognitive impairment[J]. J Am

Geriatr Soc，2005，53：695-699.

32 Lees R，Selvarajah J，Fenton C，et al. Test accuracy

of cognitive screening tests for diagnosis of dementia

and multidomain cognitive impairment in stroke[J].

Stroke，2014，45：3008-3018.

33 Salvadori E，Pasi M，Poggesi A，et al. Predictive

value of MoCA in the acute phase of stroke on the

diagnosis of mid-term cognitive impairment[J]. J

Neurol，2013，260：2220-2227.

34 Chen KL，Xu Y，Chu AQ，et al. Validation of the

Chinese version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment

basic for screening mild cognitive impairment[J]. J

Am Geriatr Soc，2016，64：e285-e290.

35 郭起浩，洪震. 神经心理评估[M]. 2版. 上海：上海科

技出版社，2016：140-150，273-281，352-362，363-367.

36 Winstein CJ，Stein J，Arena R，et al. Guidelines for

adult stroke rehabilitation and recovery：a guideline

for healthcare professionals from the American Heart

Association/American Stroke Association[J]. Stroke，

2016，47：e98-e169.

37 Román GC. Vascular dementia prevention：a risk

factor analysis[J]. Cerebrovasc Dis，2005，20 Suppl 2：

91-100.

38 in't Veld BA，Ruitenberg A，Hofman A，et al.

Antihypertensive drugs and incidence of dementia：

the Rotterdam Study[J]. Neurobiol Aging，2001，22：

407-412.

39 Forette F，Seux ML，Staessen JA，et al. Prevention

of dementia in randomised double-blind placebocontrolled

Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur)

trial[J]. Lancet，1998，352：1347-1351.

40 Peters R，Beckett N，Forette F，et al. Incident

dementia and blood pressure lowering in the

Hypertension in the Very Elderly Trial cognitive

function assessment (HYVET-COG)：a double-blind，

placebo controlled trial[J]. Lancet Neurol，2008，7：

683-689.

41 McGuinness B，Todd S，Passmore P，et al. Blood

pressure lowering in patients without prior

cerebrovascular disease for prevention of cognitive

impairment and dementia[J]. Cochrane Database Syst

Rev，2009，(4)：CD004034.

42 Pearce LA，McClure LA，Anderson DC，et al.

Effects of long-term blood pressure lowering and dual

antiplatelet treatment on cognitive function in patients

with recent lacunar stroke：a secondary analysis from

the SPS3 randomised trial[J]. Lancet Neurol，2014，13：

1177-1185.

43 van Vliet P，van de Water W，de Craen AJ，et al. The

influence of age on the association between cholesterol

and cognitive function[J]. Exp Gerontol，2009，44：

112-122.

44 Shepherd J，Blauw GJ，Murphy MB，et al. Pravastatin

in elderly individuals at risk of vascular disease

(PROSPER)：a randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet，

2002，360：1623-1630.

45 Rea TD，Breitner JC，Psaty BM，et al. Statin use

and the risk of incident dementia：the Cardiovascular

Health Study[J]. Arch Neurol，2005，62：1047-1051.

46 Musen G，Jacobson AM，Ryan CM，et al. Impact

of diabetes and its treatment on cognitive function

among adolescents who participated in the Diabetes

Control and Complications Trial[J]. Diabetes Care，

2008，31：1933-1938.

47 de Galan BE，Zoungas S，Chalmers J，et al.

Cognitive function and risks of cardiovascular

disease and hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2

diabetes：the Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease：

Preterax and Diamicron Modified Release Controlled

Evaluation (ADVANCE) trial[J]. Diabetologia，2009，

52：2328-2336.

48 Amenta F，Di Tullio MA，Tomassoni D. The

cholinergic approach for the treatment of vascular

dementia：evidence from pre-clinical and clinical

studies[J]. Clin Exp Hypertens，2002，24：697-713.

49 Black S，Román GC，Geldmacher DS，et al.

Efficacy and tolerability of donepezil in vascular

dementia：positive results of a 24-week，multicenter，

international，randomized，placebo-controlled

clinical trial[J]. Stroke，2003，34：2323-2330.

50 Wilkinson D，Doody R，Helme R，et al. Donepezil in

vascular dementia：a randomized，placebo-controlled

study[J]. Neurology，2003，61：479-486.

51 Malouf R，Birks J. Donepezil for vascular cognitive

impairment[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev，2004，(1)：

CD004395.

52 Erkinjuntti T，Kurz A，Gauthier S，et al. Efficacy

of galantamine in probable vascular dementia and

Alzheimer's disease combined with cerebrovascular

disease：a randomized trial[J]. Lancet，2002，359：

1283-1290.

53 Birks J，Craig D. Galantamine for vascular cognitive

impairment[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev，2006，(4)：

CD004746.

54 Moretti R，Torre P，Antonello RM，et al.

Rivastigmine in subcortical vascular dementia：an

open 22-month study[J]. J Neurol Sci，2002，203-204：

141-146.

55 Mok V，Wong A，Ho S，et al. Rivastigmine in Chinese

patients with subcortical vascular dementia[J].

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat，2007，3：943-948.

56 Ballard C，Sauter M，Scheltens P，et al. Efficacy，

safety and tolerability of rivastigmine capsules in

patients with probable vascular dementia：the VantagE

study[J]. Curr Med Res Opin，2008，24：2561-2574.

57 Areosa SA，Sherriff F，McShane R. Memantine for

dementia[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev，2005，(3)：

CD003154.

58 Maggiore C，Locatelli L，Grandi FC，et al.

Memantine in the treatment of dementia[J].

Neuroepidemiology，2007，28：118-119.

59 Fioravanti M，Flicker L. Efficacy of nicergoline in

dementia and other age associated forms of cognitive

impairment[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev，2001，(4)：

CD003159.

60 López-Arrieta JM，Birks J. Nimodipine for primary

degenerative，mixed and vascular dementia[J].

Cochrane Database Syst Rev，2002，(3)：CD000147.

61 Pantoni L，Basile AM，Pracucci G，et al. Impact

of age-related cerebral white matter changes on the

transition to disability -- the LADIS study：rationale，

design and methodology[J]. Neuroepidemiology，2005，

24：51-62.

62 Olin J，Schneider L，Novit A，et al. Hydergine for

dementia[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev，2001，(2)：

CD000359.

63 Fioravanti M，Yanagi M. Cytidinediphosphocholine

(CDP-choline) for cognitive and behavioural

disturbances associated with chronic cerebral

disorders in the elderly[J]. Cochrane Database Syst

Rev，2005，(2)：CD000269.

64 Jia J，Wei C，Liang J，et al. The effects of DL-3-nbutylphthalide

in patients with vascular cognitive

impairment without dementia caused by subcortical

ischemic small vessel disease：A multicentre，

randomized，double-blind，placebo-controlled trial[J].

Alzheimers Dement，2016，12：89-99.

65 Guekht AB，Moessler H，Novak PH，et al.

Cerebrolysin in vascular dementia：improvement

of clinical outcome in a randomized，double-blind，

placebo-controlled multicenter trial[J]. J Stroke

Cerebrovasc Dis，2011，20：310-318.

66 Hackett ML，Anderson CS，House A，et al.

Interventions for treating depression after stroke[J].

Cochrane Database Syst Rev，2008，(4)：CD003437.

67 de Man-van Ginkel JM，Gooskens F，Schuurmans MJ，

et al. A systematic review of therapeutic interventions

for poststroke depression and the role of nurses[J]. J

Clin Nurs，2010，19：3274-3290.

68 Mitchell PH，Veith RC，Becker KJ，et al. Brief

psychosocial-behavioral intervention with

antidepressant reduces poststroke depression

significantly more than usual care with antidepressant：

living well with stroke：randomized，controlled

trial[J]. Stroke，2009，40：3073-3078.

69 Jia JP，Wang YH，Wei CB. Chinese s for diagnosis

and management of cognitive impairment and

dementia (Ⅴ)：dementia therapy[J]. Zhonghua Yi Xue

Za Zhi，2011，91：940-945.

70 Eskes GA，Lanctôt KL，Herrmann N，et al.

Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations:

Mood，Cognition and Fatigue Following Stroke

practice guidelines，update 2015[J].Int J Stroke，2015，

10:1130-1140.