Abstract: Objective To investigate the risk factors of hydrocephalus in children with cerebral hemorrhage, and to provide evidence for early identification of the children at high risk of hydrocephalus. Methods This retrospective study enrolled the data of hospitalized children with intracerebral hemorrhage or nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage from 4 hospitals in Beijing in 2018. The baseline information were collected, including demographics, type of medical insurance, imaging results, complications during hospitalization, length of stay and total cost of hospitalization. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of cerebral hemorrhage combined with hydrocephalus in children. Results A total of 140 children with intracerebral hemorrhage were included in the study, of which 17 cases (12.14%) had hydrocephalus during hospitalization. The patients with hydrocephalus had higher incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (64.71% vs 20.33%, P <0.01) and pulmonary infection during hospitalization (41.18% vs 4.88%, P <0.01), compared with patients without hydrocephalus. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that younger age (OR 1.15, 95%CI

1.01-1.31, P =0.03) and intraventricular hemorrhage (OR 9.77, 95%CI 2.99-31.87, P <0.01) were

Objective To investigate the risk factors of hydrocephalus in children with cerebral hemorrhage, and to provide evidence for early identification of the children at high risk of hydrocephalus. Methods This retrospective study enrolled the data of hospitalized children with intracerebral hemorrhage or nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage from 4 hospitals in Beijing in 2018. The baseline information were collected, including demographics, type of medical insurance, imaging results, complications during hospitalization, length of stay and total cost of hospitalization. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors of cerebral hemorrhage combined with hydrocephalus in children. Results A total of 140 children with intracerebral hemorrhage were included in the study, of which 17 cases (12.14%) had hydrocephalus during hospitalization. The patients with hydrocephalus had higher incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage (64.71% vs 20.33%, P <0.01) and pulmonary infection during hospitalization (41.18% vs 4.88%, P <0.01), compared with patients without hydrocephalus. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that younger age (OR 1.15, 95%CI 1.01-1.31, P =0.03) and intraventricular hemorrhage (OR 9.77, 95%CI 2.99-31.87, P <0.01) were

Key words: Cerebral Hemorrhage in children; Hydrocephalus; Risk Factor

摘要： 目的 探讨儿童脑出血患者发生脑积水的相关危险因素，为早期识别儿童脑出血患者发生脑积水 的风险提供循证依据。 方法 本研究为多中心回顾性分析，纳入北京市4家医院2018年度诊治的脑出血或非创伤颅内出血 的儿童患者资料。从病案资料中收集患儿年龄、性别、医疗保险类型、影像检查结果、住院期间并发 症（脑积水、癫痫和肺部感染）、住院时长和住院总费用等信息。通过多因素logistic回归分析，探讨儿 童脑出血患者住院期间发生脑积水的危险因素。 结果 研究共纳入140例脑出血儿童患者，其中17例（12.14%）发生脑积水。与未发生脑积水患者相 比，脑积水患者脑室内出血比例更高（64.71% vs 20.33%，P＜0.01），住院发生肺部感染的比例也更 高（41.18% vs 4.88%，P＜0.01）。多因素logistic回归模型分析显示，低龄（OR 1.15，95%CI 1.01～1.31， P =0.03）、脑室出血（OR 9.77，95%CI 2.99～31.87，P <0.01）是儿童脑出血患者住院期间发生脑积水 的独立危险因素。

关键词: 儿童脑出血; 脑积水; 危险因素