Diagnostic Value of Transcranial Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound and Digital Subtraction Angiography for Middle Cerebral Artery Stenosis

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5765.2019.08.007

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of transcranial contrast-enhanced ultrasound (t-CEUS) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis or occlusion. Methods A total of 197 patients with suspected MCA stenosis or occlusion from December 2017 to April 2019 were enrolled. A total of 225 stenostic or occluded MCAs were diagnosed by t-CEUS and DSA, according to the degree of MCA stenosis, the MCAs were divided into four groups: mild (30%-50%), moderate (50%-69%), severe (70%-99%) and occlusion (100%). Taking DSA diagnosis as the golden standard, the specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of t-CEUS diagnosis were analyzed by comparing the results of ultrasound imaging. Results Of all the 197 patients, 132 male and 65 female, with the average age (58.4+4.6) years and the range 43 to 72 years. Of 225 MCAs diagnosed by DSA, 16 MCAs were mild, 70 were moderate, 121 were severe, and 18 were occluded. Of 224 MCAs diagnosed by t-CEUS, 18 were mild, 76 were moderate, 112 were severe, and 18 were occluded. The diagnosis of MCA stenosis/occlusion using t-CEUS and DSA had a high consistency (Kappa=0.91). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of t-CEUS for the diagnosis of mild MCAs were 80%, 80%, and 91%, respectively; the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of t-CEUS for the diagnosis of moderate MCAs were 83%, 93%, and 97%, respectively; the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of t-CEUS for the diagnosis of severe MCA were 83%, 96%, and 96%, respectively. Conclusions t-CEUS can clearly show mild, moderate and severe stenosis and occlusion in MCAs, and it is suitable for the diagnosis of patients with MCA stenosis and occlusion, especially for the patients with suspected MCA stenosis and who are not suitable for DSA.

Key words: Middle cerebral artery; Stenosis; Transcranial contrast-enhanced ultrasound;Digital subtraction angiography

摘要：

目的比较经颅超声造影（transcranial contrast-enhanced ultrasound，t-CEUS）和DSA在大脑中动脉（middle cerebral artery，MCA）狭窄性疾病中的诊断价值。方法收集2017年12月-2019年4月疑似MCA狭窄或闭塞的患者197例，记录其225条狭窄或闭塞的大脑中动脉的t-CEUS和DSA检查结果。根据MCA狭窄程度分为轻度狭窄（30%～50%），中度狭窄（50%～69%），重度狭窄（70%～99%）和闭塞（100%），以DSA为金标准，分析t-CEUS对轻、中和重度 MCA狭窄的诊断价值。结果 197例疑似MCA狭窄闭塞患者中，男132例，女65例，年龄43～72岁，平均（58.4±4.6）岁。经 DSA确诊的狭窄和闭塞的225条MCA中，轻度狭窄16条，中度狭窄70条，重度狭窄121条，闭塞18条。 t-CEUS诊断狭窄和闭塞的共224条MCA，其中，轻度狭窄18条，中度狭窄76条，重度狭窄112条，闭塞18条。 t-CEUS和DSA诊断MCA狭窄和闭塞高度吻合（Kappa=0.91）。t-CEUS诊断轻度MCA狭窄的敏感度、特异度和准确度分别为80%、80%和91%；诊断中度MCA狭窄的敏感度、特异度和准确度分别为83%、93% 和97%；诊断重度MCA狭窄的敏感度、特异度和准确度分别为83%、96%和96%。结论 t-CEUS能够清楚地显示轻、中、重度MCA狭窄和闭塞，适用于MCA狭窄和闭塞类疾病患者的确诊，尤其是适用于不适合DSA检查的疑似MCA狭窄和闭塞患者。

关键词: 大脑中动脉; 狭窄; 经颅超声造影; 数字减影血管造影

ZHANG Hui-Qin, WANG Li-Shu, TIAN Feng-Lan, WANG Kun, XU Dong-Juan, HE Wen. Diagnostic Value of Transcranial Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound and Digital Subtraction Angiography for Middle Cerebral Artery Stenosis[J]. Chinese Journal of Stroke, 2019, 14(08): 770-774.

张惠琴，王立淑，田凤兰，王坤，徐冬娟，何文. 比较经颅超声造影和数字减影血管造影对大脑中动脉狭窄的诊断价值研究[J]. 中国卒中杂志, 2019, 14(08): 770-774.

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图1 超声造影显示MCA狭窄与DSA显像结果高度一致

注：A1：超声显示右侧MCA轻度狭窄；A2：频谱多普勒图示PSV约170 cm/s；A3：DSA显示MCA-M1段轻度狭窄；B1：超声显示右侧MCA轻度狭窄；B2：频谱多普勒

图示流速增高，PSV约215 cm/s；B3：DSA造影显示MCA-M1段中度狭窄，狭窄程度与t-CEUS结果一致；C1：超声显示右侧MCA重度狭窄；C2：频谱多普勒图示流速

增高，PSV约298 cm/s；C3：DSA显示MCA-M1段重度狭窄，与t-CEUS检测的狭窄程度相一致。MCA：大脑中动脉；PSV：峰值流速；t-CEUS：经颅超声造影

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