Abstract: The construction of China’s stroke prevention and control system has evolved from scratch, progressing through three critical phases, including theoretical foundation, framework formation, and deepening and improvement. Gradually, a four-tiered stroke prevention and control system (national-provincial-prefectural-county level) has been established. This article systematically reviews the development and progress of China’s stroke prevention and control system, highlighting its significance in promoting equity and accessibility in stroke prevention and control. The construction of this system requires the integration of macro-level organizational frameworks with grassroots networks. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the intrinsic construction of this system, including the responsibilities and capabilities required of health administrative departments, leading units for cerebrovascular disease prevention and treatment technology, hospitals at all levels, and grassroots medical and health institutions, as well as the collaborative roles among different departments and institutions. Moreover, the current construction of China’s stroke prevention and control system remains in the early stages, facing challenges such as insufficient funding, talent shortages, and inadequate technical support. To address these issues, it is necessary to break down information barriers, strengthen multi-level collaboration, accelerate the clinical translation of new technologies, and continuously enhance China’s stroke prevention and control capabilities.

Key words: Stroke; Prevention and control; System 

摘要： 中国卒中防治体系建设从无到有，历经了理论奠基、框架形成及深化完善3个关键时期，逐步建立了涵盖国家级-省级-地级-县级的四级卒中防治体系。本文系统回顾了中国卒中防治体系建设与发展的历程，阐明了该体系对促进卒中防治工作公平性和可及性的重要意义。卒中防治体系的建设需贯通宏观组织架构与基层网络，本文详细剖析了该体系的内涵建设，包括卫生健康行政部门、脑血管病防治技术牵头单位、各级医院及基层医疗卫生机构的职责分工、能力建设要求，以及不同部门和机构间的协同作用。此外，目前我国的卒中防治体系建设尚在初期阶段，仍面临资金投入不足、人才缺乏、技术支撑欠缺等挑战，需要突破信息壁垒，加强各级单位的协同，加快新技术的临床应用转化，从而持续提升我国的卒中防治能力。

关键词: 卒中; 防治; 体系