Abstract: Cerebrocardiovascular diseases share common core pathophysiological mechanisms such as atherosclerosis and inflammatory responses, often presenting as comorbid cerebrocardiovascular diseases. This significantly increases the disability and mortality rates of patients and has become a major global public health challenge. The conventional organ-centered disciplinary diagnosis and treatment model has deficiencies such as fragmented risk assessment, insufficient treatment coordination, and neglect of the interactive effects of cerebrocardiovascular diseases, which makes it difficult to meet clinical needs. The concept of co-treatment of brain and heart integrates the holistic view of traditional Chinese medicine with modern neurocardiology, takes the brain-heart axis as the core mechanism, and emphasizes the holistic prevention and treatment of cerebrocardiovascular diseases through multidisciplinary collaboration. In recent years, domestic and foreign countries have achieved certain results in clinical practice by establishing joint diagnosis and treatment centers, interdisciplinary working groups, and providing guarantees through legislative forms. However, current practice still faces many challenges, such as insufficient comprehensive assessment of comorbid cerebrocardiovascular diseases, conflicts in treatment plans, and lack of overall prognosis evaluation. This article reviews the clinical practice, challenges, and prospects of co-treatment of brain and heart for comorbid cerebrocardiovascular diseases, aiming to provide reference for further clinical practice in this field.

Key words: Cerebrocardiovascular disease; Co-treatment of brain and heart; Multidisciplinary collaboration; Clinical management

摘要： 脑心血管疾病具有动脉粥样硬化、炎症反应等共同的核心病理生理机制，常表现为脑心血管疾病共病，显著增加患者残疾率与死亡率，是全球重大公共卫生挑战。传统以器官为中心的分科诊疗模式存在风险评估碎片化、治疗协同不足、忽视脑心血管疾病交互影响等不足，难以满足临床需求。脑心同治理念整合了中医整体观与现代神经心脏病学，以脑-心轴为核心机制，强调通过多学科协作，对脑心血管疾病进行整体防治。近年来，国内外已通过建立联合诊疗中心、跨学科工作组，并借助立法形式提供保障，在临床实践中取得一定成效。然而，当前仍面临脑心血管疾病共病综合评估不足、治疗方案冲突及缺少整体预后评估等诸多挑战。本文综述脑心血管疾病共病脑心同治的临床实践、挑战及展望，旨在为该领域的临床实践提供参考。

关键词: 脑心血管疾病; 脑心同治; 多学科协作; 临床管理