1 Becker G, Bogdahn U, Gehlberg C, et al. Transcranial color-coded real-time sonography of intracranial veins:normal values of blood f low velocities and findings in superior sagittal sinus thrombosis[J]. J Neuroimaging, 1995, 5:87-94.2 Baumgar tner RW, Gonner F, Ar nold M, et al.Transtemporal power- and frequency-based color-coded duplex sonography of cerebral veins and sinuses[J].AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 1997, 18:1771-1781.3 Stolz E, Kaps M. Transcranial color-coded duplex sonography of intracranial veins and sinuses in adults.Reference data from 130 volunteers[J]. Stroke, 1999,30:1070-1075.4 Bouser MG, Ferro JM. Cerebral venous thrombosis:an update[J]. Lancet Neurol, 2007, 6:162-170.5 Renowden S. Cerebral venous thrombosis sinus[J].Eur Radiol, 2004, 14:215-226.6 Stolz E, Kaps M, Dorndorf W. Assessment of int racranial venous hemodynamics in normal individuals and patients with cerebral venous thrombosis[J]. Stroke, 1999, 30:70-75.7 王桂红, 王红, 魏东宁, 等. 应用M模-TCD评价脑静脉及静脉窦血栓形成患者深静脉的血流动力学改变[J].中国卒中杂志, 2007, 2:741-744.8 Valdueza JM, Schultz M, Harms L, et al. Venous transcranial Doppler ultrasound monitoring in acute durals sinus cerebral thrombosis:report of two cases Germany[J]. Stroke, 1995, 26:1196-1199.9 Erwin ST, Tibo GE, Rolf HB, et al. Intracranial venous hemodynamics is a factor related to a favorable outcome in cerebral venous thrombosis[J]. Stroke,2002, 33:1645-1650.10 Nagai H, Moritake K, Takaya M. Correlation between transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and regional cerebral blood f low in experimental intracranial hypertension[J]. Stroke, 1997, 28:603-608.11 Doepp F, Bahr D, John M, et al. Internal jugular vein valve incompetence in COPD and primary pulmonary hypertension[J]. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008, 36:480-484.12 Nedelmann M, Eicke BM, Dieterich M. Functional and morphological cr iter ia of internal jugular valve insufficiency as assessed by ultrasound[J]. J Neuroimaging, 2005, 15:70-75.13 Monti L, Menci E, Ulivelli M, et al. Quantitative colour Doppler sonography evaluation of cerebral venous outflow:a comparative study between patients with multiple sclerosis and controls[EB/OL]. (2011-09-22)[2013-04-15]. http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0025012.14 Vailati D, Lamperti M, Subert M, et al. An ultrasound study of cerebral venous drainage after internal jugular vein catheterization after internal jugular vein catheterization[EB/OL]. (2012-05-17)[2013-04-15]. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3363165.15 Chung CP, Hsu HY, Chao AC, et al. Flow volume in the jugular vein and related hemodynamics in the branches of the jugular vein[J]. Ultrasound Med Biol,2007, 33:500-505.16 Wu X, Studer W, Erb T, et al. Competence of the internal jugular vein valve is damaged by cannulation and catheterization of the internal jugular vein[J].Anesthesiology, 2000, 93:319-324.17 Lewis SL. Aetiology of transient global amnesia[J].Lancet, 1998, 352:397-399. 18 Chung CP, Hsu HY, Chao AC, et al. Detection of intracranial venous ref lux in patients of transient global amnesia[J]. Neurology, 2006, 66:1873-1877.19 D'Cr uz IA, Khouzam RN, Minderman DP, et al. Incompetence of the internal jugular venous valve:spectrum of echo-Doppler appearances[J].Echocardiography, 2006, 23:803-806.20 Bishop L, Doug he r t y L, Boden ham A, et a l.Guidelines on the insertion and management of central venous access devices in adults[J]. Int J Lab Hematol, 2007, 29:261-278.21 Troianos CA, Hartman GS, Glas KE, et al. Guidelines for p e r formi ng u l t r a s ou nd g u id e d va s c u l a r cannulation:recommendations of the American Society of chocardiography and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists[J]. Anesth Analg,2012, 114:46-72.22 Randolph AG, Cook DJ, Gon z ale s CA, et al.Ultrasound guidance for placement of central venous catheters:a meta-analysis of the literature[J]. Crit Care Med, 1996, 24:2053-2058. |