[1] AASLID R,MARKWALDER T M,NORNESH. Noninvasive transcranial Doppler ultrasoundrecording of flow velocity in basal cerebralarteries[J]. J Neurosurg,1982,57(6):769-774.[2] JANJUA N,MAYER S A. Cerebral vasospasm aftersubarachnoid hemorrhage[J]. Curr Opin Crit Care,2003,9(2):113-119.[3] ROSALIND LAI P M,DU R. Role of geneticpolymorphisms in predicting delayed cerebralischemia and radiographic vasospasm afteraneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage:a metaanalysis[J]. World Neurosurg,2015,84(4):933-941.[4] INAGAWA T. Risk Factors for cerebral vasospasmfollowing aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage:areview of the literature[J/OL]. World Neurosurg,2016,85:56-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2015.08.052.[5] KONCZALLA J,BRAWANSKI N,BRUDERM,et al. Outcome of patients with long-lastingcerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage:is prolonged treatment for cerebral vasospasmworthwhile? a matched-pair analysis[J/OL]. WorldNeurosurg,2016,88:488-496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2015.10.033.[6] BAGGOTT C D,AAGAARD-KIENITZ B. Cerebralvasospasm[J]. Neurosurg Clin N Am,2014,25(3):497-528.[7] KALANURIA A,NYQUIST P A,ARMONDA R A,et al. Use of transcranial Doppler(TCD)ultrasoundin the neurocritical care unit[J]. Neurosurg Clin NAm,2013,24(3):441-456.[8] WOSZCZYK A,DEINSBERGER W,BÖKERD K. Nitric oxide metabolites in cisternal CSFcorrelate with cerebral vasospasm in patients witha subarachnoid haemorrhage[J]. Acta Neurochir(Wien),2003,145(4):257-263.[9] SEBASTIAN J,DERKSEN C,KHAN K,etal. Derivation of transcranial Doppler criteriafor angiographically proven middle cerebralartery vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoidhemorrhage[J]. J Neuroimaging,2013,23(4):489-494.[10] COUTURIER G,VOUSTANIOUK A,WEINBERGER J,et al. Correlation betweencoronary artery disease and aortic arch plaquethickness measured by non-invasive B-modeultrasonography[J]. Atherosclerosis,2006,185(1):159-164.[11] SPENCER M P,THOMAS G I,NICHOLLS S C,et al. Detection of middle cerebral artery emboli duringcarotid endarterectomy using transcranial Dopplerultrasonography[J]. Stroke,1990,21(3):415-423.[12] HOBSON R W 2ND,WEISS D G,FIELDS WS,et al. Efficacy of carotid endarterectomy forasymptomatic carotid stenosis. The Veterans AffairsCooperative Study Group[J]. N Engl J Med,1993,328(4):221-227.[13] Executive Committee for the AsymptomaticCarotid Atherosclerosis Study. Endarterectomy forasymptomatic carotid artery stenosis[J]. JAMA,1995,273(18):1421-1428.[14] HALLIDAY A,MANSFIELD A,MARRO J,etal. Prevention of disabling and fatal strokes bysuccessful carotid endarterectomy in patientswithout recent neurological symptoms:randomizedcontrolled trial[J]. Lancet,2004,363(9420):1491-1502.[15] SPENCE J D,TAMAYO A,LOWNIE S P,et al.Absence of microemboli on transcranial Doppleridentifies low-risk patients with asymptomaticcarotid stenosis[J]. Stroke,2005,36(11):2373-2378.[16] ABBOTT A L. Medical(nonsurgical)interventionalone is now best for prevention of stroke associatedwith asymptomatic severe carotid stenosis:resultsof a systematic review and analysis[J/OL]. Stroke,2009,40(10):e573-e583. https://doi. org/10. 1161/STROKEAHA. 109. 556068.[17] ABBOTT A. Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis--it's time to stop operating[J]. Nat Clin Pract Neurol,2008,4(1):4-5.[18] MARKUS H S,KING A,SHIPLEY M,et al.Asymptomatic embolisation for prediction of strokein the Asymptomatic Carotid Emboli Study(ACES):a prospective observational study[J]. Lancet Neurol,2010,9(7):663-671.[19] BOGIATZI C,COCKER M S,BEANLANDS R,et al. Identifying high-risk asymptomatic carotidstenosis[J]. Expert Opin Med Diagn,2012,6(2):139-151.[20] SPENCE J D. Transcranial Doppler monitoringfor microemboli:a marker of a high-risk carotidplaque[J]. Semin Vasc Surg,2017,30(1):62-66.[21] KING A,MARKUS H S. Doppler embolic signalsin cerebrovascular disease and prediction of strokerisk:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Stroke,2009,40(12):3711-3717.[22] SPENCE J D,COATES V,LI H,et al. Effectsof intensive medical therapy on microemboliand cardiovascular risk in asymptomatic carotidstenosis[J]. Arch Neurol,2010,67(2):180-186.[23] PARASKEVAS K I,SPENCE J D,VEITH F J,etal. Identifying which patients with asymptomaticcarotid stenosis could benefit from intervention[J].Stroke,2014,45(12):3720-3724.[24] ECKSTEIN H H. European society for vascularsurgery guidelines on the management ofatherosclerotic carotid and vertebral artery disease[J].Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg,2018,55(1):1-2.[25] ROSENKRANZ M,FIEHLER J,NIESEN W,etal. The amount of solid cerebral microemboli duringcarotid stenting does not relate to the frequency ofsilent ischemic lesions[J]. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol,2006,27(1):157-161.[26] ACKERSTAFF R G,SUTTORP M J,VAN DENBERG J C,et al. Prediction of early cerebraloutcome by transcranial Doppler monitoring incarotid bifurcation angioplasty and stenting[J]. JVasc Surg,2005,41(4):618-624.[27] LU C J,KAO H L,SUN Y,et al. The hemodynamiceffects of internal carotid artery stenting:a studywith color-coded duplex sonography[J]. CerebrovascDis,2003,15(4):264-269.[28] WORKMAN M J,CLOFT H J,TONG F C,etal. Thrombus formation at the neck of cerebralaneurysms during treatment with Guglielmidetachable coils[J]. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol,2002,23(9):1568-1576.[29] SONG J K,NIIMI Y,FERNANDEZ P M,et al.Thrombus formation during intracranial aneurysmcoil placement:treatment with intra-arterialabciximab[J]. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol,2004,25(7):1147-1153.[30] RIES T,BUHK J H,KUCINSKI T,et al.Intravenous administration of acetylsalicylic acidduring endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysmsreduces the rate of thromboembolic events[J]. Stroke,2006,37(7):1816-1821.[31] STARY H C,CHANDLER A B,DINSMORER E,et al. A definition of advanced typesof atherosclerotic lesions and a histologicalclassification of atherosclerosis. A report from theCommittee on Vascular Lesions of the Council onArteriosclerosis,American Heart Association[J].Circulation,1995,92(5):1355-1374.[32] SCHROEDER T,SILLESEN H,BOESENJ,et al. Intracerebral haemorrhage after carotidendarterectomy[J]. Eur J Vasc Surg,1987,1(1):51-60.[33] PIEPGRAS D G,MORGAN M K,SUNDT T MJR,et al. Intracerebral hemorrhage after carotid endarterectomy[J]. J Neurosurg,1988,68(4):532-536.[34] BRUETMAN M E,FIELDS W S,CRAWFORDE S,et al. Cerebral hemorrhage in carotid arterysurgery[J]. Arch Neurol,1963,9(5):458-467.[35] SUNDT T M JR,SHARBROUGH F W,PIEPGRASD G,et al. Correlation of cerebral blood flow andelectroencephalographic changes during carotidendarterectomy:with results of surgery andhemodynamics of cerebral ischemia[J]. Mayo ClinProc,1981,56(9):533-543.[36] POWERS A D,SMITH R R. Hyperperfusionsyndrome after carotid endarterectomy:atranscranial Doppler evaluation[J]. Neurosurgery,1990,26(1):56-59.[37] HUIBERS A E,WESTERINK J,DE VRIES EE,et al. Editor's choice-cerebral hyperperfusionsyndrome after carotid artery stenting:a systematicreview and meta-analysis[J]. Eur J Vasc EndovascSurg,2018,56(3):322-333.[38] DEMCHUK A M,BURGIN W S,CHRISTOUI,et al. Thrombolysis in brain ischemia(TIBI)transcranial Doppler flow grades predict clinicalseverity,early recovery,and mortality in patientstreated with intravenous tissue plasminogenactivator[J]. Stroke,2001,32(1):89-93.[39] MOK V,DING D,FU J,et al. Transcranial Dopplerultrasound for screening cerebral small vessel disease:a community study[J]. Stroke,2012,43(10):2791-2793.[40] ALTMANN M,THOMMESSEN B,RØNNINGO M,et al. Middle cerebral artery pulsatility indexis associated with cognitive impairment in lacunarstroke[J]. J Neuroimaging,2016,26(4):431-435.[41] MOPPETT I K,MAHAJAN R P. TranscranialDoppler ultrasonography in anaesthesia andintensive care[J]. Br J Anaesth,2004,93(5):710-724.[42] DALKARA T,ARSAVA E M. Can restoringincomplete microcirculatory reperfusion improvestroke outcome after thrombolysis?[J]. J Cereb BloodFlow Metab,2012,32(12):2091-2099.[43] NEUHAUS A A,COUCH Y,HADLEY G,etal. Neuroprotection in stroke:the importance ofcollaboration and reproducibility[J]. Brain,2017,140(8):2079-2092.[44] NG F C,COULTON B,CHAMBERS B,et al.Persistently elevated microvascular resistancepostrecanalization[J]. Stroke,2018,49(10):2512-2515.