神经内科住院医师职业倦怠与社会支持的相关性分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5765.2025.10.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的探讨神经内科住院医师职业倦怠现状及其与社会支持的关系，分析职业倦怠的独立影响因素。
方法选取首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院2021—2023级参加住院医师规范化培训的神经内科住院医师作为调查对象，应用调查问卷进行信息采集。调查问卷由3个部分组成，分别为个人一般情况、职业倦怠量表及社会支持量表。个人一般情况包括性别、年龄、年级、是否获得执业医师资格证书、婚姻状况及月收入等信息；职业倦怠量表包括情绪衰竭、去人格化及低成就感3个维度；社会支持量表包括客观支持、主观支持及对支持的利用度3个维度。对调查对象职业倦怠的3个维度得分进行组间比较，并对职业倦怠的3个维度得分与社会支持的3个维度得分进行相关性分析，采用多元线性回归分析职业倦怠各维度得分的影响因素。
结果共124名神经内科住院医师参与调查。其中，女性98名（79.0%），年龄≤25岁者44名（35.5%），已获得执业医师资格证书者88名（71.0%）。单因素分析显示，情绪衰竭维度得分在女性（P=0.035）、2022级及月收入≤3000元（P=0.007）的神经内科住院医师中较高；去人格化维度得分在女性（P=0.001）及2023级的神经内科住院医师中较高；低成就感维度得分在男性（P=0.001）、年龄>25岁（P=0.001）及月收入≤3000元（P=0.008）的神经内科住院医师中较高。相关性分析表明，情绪衰竭、去人格化得分与社会支持各维度得分及总分均呈负相关，低成就感得分与社会支持各维度得分及总分均呈正相关（均P<0.05）。多元线性回归分析显示，年级、月收入及社会支持各维度得分是情绪衰竭得分的独立影响因素（均P<0.05）；年级、主观支持得分及对支持的利用度得分是去人格化得分的独立影响因素（均P<0.05）；性别、年龄、年级及主观支持得分是低成就感得分的独立影响因素（均P<0.05）。
结论神经内科住院医师职业倦怠受性别、年龄、年级、月收入等人口学特征影响，社会支持对职业倦怠具有一定的调节作用。

关键词: 职业倦怠; 社会支持; 影响因素分析; 神经内科住院医师

Abstract: Objective To investigate the status of job burnout among neurology residents, analyze its relationship with social support, and identify the independent influencing factors of job burnout.
Methods This study employed a cluster sampling method in March 2024 to select neurology residents participating in standardized residency training from 2021 to 2023 at Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University. A questionnaire was used to assess job burnout scale and social support scale. The questionnaire consisted of three parts: personal general information, the job burnout scale, and the social support scale. Personal general information included gender, age, grade, possession of a practicing physician qualification certificate, marital status, and monthly income. The job burnout scale comprised three dimensions: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. The social support scale included three dimensions: objective support, subjective support, and utilization of support. Intergroup comparisons were conducted on the scores of the three dimensions of job burnout among the respondents. Correlation analysis was performed between the three dimensions scores of job burnout and the three dimensions scores of social support, and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of the dimensions scores of job burnout.
Results A total of 124 neurology residents participated in the survey. Among them, 98 (79.0%) were female, 44 (35.5%) were aged≤25 years old, and 88 (71.0%) had obtained a practicing physician qualification certificate. Univariate analysis revealed that the scores of emotional exhaustion dimension were significantly higher in females (P=0.035), residents enrolled in 2022, and those with a monthly income of≤3000 yuan (P=0.007). The scores of depersonalization dimension were significantly higher in females (P=0.001) and residents enrolled in 2023. The scores of reduced personal accomplishment dimension were significantly higher in males (P=0.001), those>25 years old (P=0.001), and those with a monthly income of≤3000 yuan (P=0.008). Correlation analysis revealed that the scores of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were negatively correlated with the scores of all dimensions and the total score of social support, while the scores of reduced personal accomplishment were positively correlated with the scores of all dimensions and the total score of social support (all P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that grade, monthly income, and the scores of all dimensions of social support were independent influencing factors for the scores of emotional exhaustion (all P<0.05). Grade, the scores of subjective support, and the scores of utilization of support were independent influencing factors for the scores of depersonalization (all P<0.05). Gender, age, grade, and the scores of subjective support were independent influencing factors for the scores of reduced personal accomplishment (all P<0.05).
Conclusions Job burnout among neurology residents is influenced by demographic characteristics such as gender, age, grade, and monthly income. social support has a significant regulatory effect on job burnout.

Key words: Job burnout; Social support; Influencing factor analysis; Neurology resident

中图分类号:

袁雪姣, 王文娟. 神经内科住院医师职业倦怠与社会支持的相关性分析[J]. 中国卒中杂志, 2025, 20(10): 1329-1334.

YUAN Xuejiao, WANG Wenjuan. Correlation Analysis between Job Burnout and Social Support among Neurology Residents[J]. Chinese Journal of Stroke, 2025, 20(10): 1329-1334.

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