基于计算机认知训练技术在改善老年认知功能中的应用与展望

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5765.2021.03.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于计算机认知训练技术作为一种非侵入性的认知训练干预措施，有多种形式及丰富的训练内容，包括计算机辅助认知康复、运动游戏、虚拟现实等技术，受到了治疗师及老年患者的欢迎。目前在部分发达国家和地区已开始应用，并有望在社区中推广应用。研究认为基于计算机认知训练在改善老年认知功能上有一定效果，并在不同的认知领域发挥作用，如执行功能、注意力、记忆能力、处理速度等。但很少有高质量的研究报道，并在临床应用中存在局限性，对于老年患者缺乏统一的训练标准及运动处方，这些有望在未来的临床实践中进一步完善。

文章导读： 基于计算机认知训练技术在改善老年认知功能方面有很大的应用价值及发展前景，是认知康复训练发展的有利趋势。

关键词: 老年; 计算机认知训练; 认知功能; 计算机辅助认知康复; 运动游戏; 虚拟现实

Abstract:

As a non-invasive cognitive rehabilitation measure, the computer-based cognitive training technology has different forms and abundant training contents, including computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation, exergames and virtual reality. It is welcomed by the therapists and elderly patients. Currently, it has been applied in some developed countries and regions, and it is expected to be popularized in the communities. Studies suggested that the computer-based cognitive training has some effects in improving cognitive function in the elderly, and play a role in different cognitive domains, such as executive function, attention, memory, processing speed. However, there is lack of high-quality research, and it has some limitations in clinical application. There is also a lack of unified training standards and exercise prescriptions for the elderly patients, which is expected to be improved in the future.

Key words: Elderly; Computer-based cognitive training; Cognitive function; Computerassisted cognitive rehabilitation; Exergames; Virtual reality

刘智岚，贾杰. 基于计算机认知训练技术在改善老年认知功能中的应用与展望[J]. 中国卒中杂志, 2021, 16(03): 246-250.

LIU Zhi-Lan, JIA Jie. Application and Prospect of Computer-based Cognitive Training Technology in Improving Cognitive Function in the Elderly[J]. Chinese Journal of Stroke, 2021, 16(03): 246-250.

参考文献

[1] JIA J P，WANG F，WEI C B，et al. The prevalence

of dementia in urban and rural areas of China[J].

Alzheimers Dement，2014，10（1）：1-9.

[2] 中国医师协会神经内科医师分会，认知障碍疾病专

业委员会认知训练中国专家共识写作组. 认知训练中

国专家共识[J]. 中华医学杂志，2019，99（1）：4-8.

[3] 公冶慧娟，田家利，张欣，等. 计算机认知训练在老

年群体中的应用研究进展[J]. 护理学杂志，2018，33

（12）：102-106.

[4] 韩晔，刘敏，周盛年，等. 计算机辅助认知康复训练

治疗脑梗死后执行功能障碍的疗效观察[J]. 中华物

理医学与康复杂志，2018，40（7）：544-546.

[5] GOODING A L，CHOI J，FISZDON J M，et al.

Comparing three methods of computerised cognitive

training for older adults with subclinical cognitive

decline[J]. Neuropsychol Rehabil，2016，26（5/6）：

810-821.

[6] 贾杰. “中枢-外周-中枢”闭环康复——脑卒中后

手功能康复新理念[J]. 中国康复医学杂志，2016，31

（11）：1180-1182.

[7] HILL N T，MOWSZOWSKI L，NAISMITH S

L，et al. Computerized cognitive training in older

adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia：

a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Am J

Psychiatry，2017，174（4）：329-340.

[8] GATES N J，VERNOOIJ R W M，DI NISIO

M，et al. Computerised cognitive training for

preventing dementia in people with mild cognitive impairment[J/OL]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev，

2019，33（3）：CD012279[2020-12-01]. https：//doi.

org/10.1002/14651858.CD012279.

[9] SANTEN J V，DROES R M，HOLSTEGE M，et

al. Effects of exergaming in people with dementia：

results of a systematic literature review[J]. J

Alzheimers Dis，2018，63（2）：741-760.

[10] MONTEIRO-JUNIOR R S，VAGHETTI C A

O，NASCIMENTO O J M，et al. Exergames：

neuroplastic hypothesis about cognitive improvement

and biological effects on physical function of

institutionalized older persons[J]. Neural Regen Res，

2016，11（2）：201-204.

[11] CHOI S D，GUO L J，KANG D K，et al. Exergame

technology and interactive interventions for elderly

fall prevention：a systematic literature review[J/OL].

Appl Ergon，2017，65：570-581[2020-12-01].

https：//doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2016.10.013.

[12] BAMIDIS P D，FISSLER P，PAPAGEORGIOU S G，

et al. Gains in cognition through combined cognitive

and physical training：the role of training dosage

and severity of neurocognitive disorder[J/OL]. Front

Aging Neurosci，2015，7：152[2020-12-01].

https：//doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2015.00152.

[13] MURA G，CARTA M G，SANCASSIANI F，et al.

Active exergames to improve cognitive functioning

in neurological disabilities：a systematic review and

meta-analysis[J]. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med，2018，54

（3）：450-462.

[14] ZHAO Y N，FENG H，WU X Y，et al. Effectiveness

of exergaming in improving cognitive and physical

function in people with mild cognitive impairment

or dementia：systematic review[J/OL]. JMIR Serious

Games，2020，8（2）：e16841[2020-12-01].

https：//doi.org/10.2196/16841.

[15] LOOS E. Exergaming：meaningful play for older

adults[C]//Human aspects of IT for the aged

population：applications，services and contexts.

Vancouver：ITAP 2017，2017：254-265.

[16] SKJARET N，NAWAZ A，MORAT T，et al.

Exercise and rehabilitation delivered through

exergames in older adults：an integrative review

of technologies，safety and efficacy[J]. Int J Med

Inform，2016，85（1）：1-16.

[17] 贾杰. 脑卒中上肢康复：手脑感知与手脑运动[J]. 中

国康复医学杂志，2020，35（4）：385-389.

[18] D'CUNHA N M，NGUYEN D，NAUMOVKE

N，et al. A mini-review of virtual reality-based

interventions to promote well-being for people living

with dementia and mild cognitive impairment[J].

Gerontology，2019，65（4）：430-440.

[19] GARCÍA-BETANCES R I，ARREDONDO

WALDMEYER M T，FICO G，et al. A succinct

overview of virtual reality technology use in

Alzheimer's disease[J/OL]. Front Aging Neurosci，

2015，7：80[2020-12-01]. https：//doi.org/10.3389/

fnagi.2015.00080.

[20] LIU Y，TAN W J，CHEN C，et al. A review of

the application of virtual reality technology in the

diagnosis and treatment of cognitive impairment[J/

OL]. Front Aging Neurosci，2019，11：280[2020-12-

01]. https：//doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2019.00280.

[21] MATHEWS M，MITROVIC A，OHLSSON S，et

al. A virtual reality environment for rehabilitation

of prospective memory in stroke patients[J/OL].

Procedia Comput Sci，2016，96：7-15[2020-12-01].

https：//doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2016.08.081.

[22] SERINO S，PEDROLI E，TUENA C，et al. A

novel virtual reality-based training protocol for

the enhancement of the "mental frame syncing"

in individuals with Alzheimer's disease：a

development-of-concept trial[J/OL]. Front Aging

Neurosci，2017，9：240[2020-12-01]. https：//doi.

org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00240.

[23] FOLOPPE D A，RICHARD P，YAMAGUCHI T，et

al. The potential of virtual reality-based training to

enhance the functional autonomy of Alzheimer's

disease patients in cooking activities：a single case

study[J]. Neuropsychol Rehabil，2015，28（5）：709-

733.

[24] CLAY F，HOWETT D，FITZGERALD J，et al.

Use of immersive virtual reality in the assessment

and treatment of Alzheimer's disease：a systematic

review[J]. J Alzheimers Dis，2020，75（1）：23-43.

[25] PLECHATÁ A，SAHULA V，FAYETTE D，et al.

Age-related differences with immersive and nonimmersive

virtual reality in memory assessment[J/

OL]. Frontiers in Psychology，2019，10：1330[2020-

12-01]. https：//doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01330.

[26] ROSE T，NAM C S，CHEN K B. Immersion of

virtual reality for rehabilitation - review[J/OL]. Appl

Ergon，2018，69：153-161[2020-12-01]. https：//doi.

org/10.1016/j.apergo.2018.01.009.