Advances in Imageology of Intra- and Extracranial Coexisting Atherosclerotic Plaques

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5765.2018.10.020

Abstract

Abstract:

Intra- and extracranial coexisting atherosclerotic plaques (coexisting plaques) are very common in Asian populations, which has been demonstrated to be closely related to ischemic stroke. Therefore, it is important to identify the coexisting plaques for stroke prevention. Currently many imaging modalities are applied in the diagnosis of coexisting plaques, of which highresolution magnetic resonance vessel wall imaging has showed high value in assessing coexisting plaques. The article summarized the current progress in imageology of coexisting plaques.

Key words: Coexisting atherosclerotic plaques; Magnetic resonance imaging; Vessel wall imaging

摘要：

颅内动脉和颅外颈动脉并存粥样硬化斑块（简称并存斑块）在亚洲人群中具有较高的发生率，其与缺血性卒中的发病风险具有显著的相关性。因此，早期识别并存斑块对于缺血性脑血管事件的防控具有重要意义。目前，应用于并存斑块的影像学诊断方法有多种，其中高分辨率磁共振管壁成像有广阔的应用前景。本文将主要针对并存斑块的影像学研究进展方面进行综述。

关键词: 并存粥样硬化斑块; 磁共振成像; 血管壁成像

LIU Yang, HAN Hua-Lu, ZHAO Xi-Hai, WANG Wei. Advances in Imageology of Intra- and Extracranial Coexisting Atherosclerotic Plaques[J]. Chinese Journal of Stroke, 2018, 13(10): 1103-1108.

柳洋, 韩华璐, 赵锡海, 王苇. 颅内外动脉并存粥样硬化斑块的影像学研究进展[J]. 中国卒中杂志, 2018, 13(10): 1103-1108.

References

[1] LIU L，WANG D，WONG K S，et al. Stroke and

stroke care in China：huge burden，significant

workload，and a national priority[J]. Stroke，2011，42

（12）：3651-3654.

[2] MAN B L，FU Y P，CHAN Y Y，et al. Use of

magnetic resonance angiography to predict longterm

outcomes of ischemic stroke patients with

concurrent stenoses in Hong Kong[J]. Cerebrovasc

Dis，2009，28（2）：112-118.

[3] LIU H M，TU Y K，YIP P K，et al. Evaluation

of intracranial and extracranial carotid stenoocclusive

diseases in Taiwan Chinese patients with

MR angiography：preliminary experience[J]. Stroke，

1996，27（4）：650-653.

[4] WONG K S，LI H. Long-term mortality and

recurrent stroke risk among Chinese stroke patients

with predominant intracranial atherosclerosis[J].

Stroke，2003，34（10）：2361-2366.

[5] LEE S J，CHO S J，MOON H S，et al. Combined

extracranial and intracranial atherosclerosis in

Korean patients[J]. Arch Neurol，2003，60（11）：

1561-1564.

[6] MAN B L，BAUM L，FU Y P，et al. Genetic

polymorphisms of Chinese patients with ischemic

stroke and concurrent stenoses of extracranial and

intracranial vessels[J]. J Clin Neurosci，2010，17

（10）：1244-1247.

[7] MAN B L，FU Y P，CHAN Y Y，et al. Lesion

patterns and stroke mechanisms in concurrent

atherosclerosis of intracranial and extracranial

vessels[J]. Stroke，2009，40（10）：3211-3215.

[8] MAN B L，FU Y P，CHAN Y Y，et al. Long-term

outcomes of ischemic stroke patients with concurrent

intracranial and extracranial stenoses and ischemic

heart disease[J]. Cerebrovasc Dis，2010，29（3）：

236-241.

[9] XU Y，YUAN C，ZHOU Z，et al. Co-existing

intracranial and extracranial carotid artery

atherosclerotic plaques and recurrent stroke risk：a

three-dimensional multicontrast cardiovascular

magnetic resonance study[J]. J Cardiovasc Magn

Reson，2016，18（1）：90.

[10] LEI C，WU B，LIU M，et al. Risk factors and

clinical outcomes associated with intracranial and

extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis acute ischemic

stroke[J]. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis，2014，23（5）：

1112-1127.

[11] KIM B S，JUNG H S，BANG O Y，et al. Elevated

serum lipoprotein（a）as a potential predictor for

combined intracranial and extracranial artery

stenosis in patients with ischemic stroke[J].

Atherosclerosis，2010，212（2）：682-688.

[12] WANG L，ZHANG G，ZHANG Y，et al. Risk score

to predict concurrent extracranial and intracranial

artery stenosis in acute ischemic stroke[J/OL].

J Neurol Sci，2016，363：232-235. https：//doi.

org/10.1016/j.jns.2016.02.061.

[13] GLAGOV S，WEISENBERG E，ZARINS C K，et al.

Compensatory enlargement of human atherosclerotic

coronary arteries[J]. N Engl J Med，1987，316（22）：

1371-1375.

[14] KANG J W，LIM T H，CHOI C G，et al. Evaluation

of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance

angiography（MRA）using Gd-DOTA compared

with time-of-flight MRA in the diagnosis of clinically

significant non-coronary arterial disease[J]. Eur

Radiol，2010，20（8）：1934-1944.

[15] CAI J M，HATSUKAMI T S，FERGUSON M S，et

al. Classification of human carotid atherosclerotic

lesions with in vivo multicontrast magnetic

resonance imaging[J]. Circulation，2002，106（11）：

1368-1373.

[16] TOUZÉ E，TOUSSAINT J F，COSTE J，et al. Reproducibility of high-resolution MRI for the

identification and the quantification of carotid

atherosclerotic plaque components：consequences

for prognosis studies and therapeutic trials[J]. Stroke，

2007，38（6）：1812-1819.

[17] TURAN T N，RUMBOLDT Z，GRANHOLM A

C，et al. Intracranial atherosclerosis：correlation

between in-vivo 3T high resolution MRI and

pathology[J]. Atherosclerosis，2014，237（2）：460-

463.

[18] FAN Z，YU W，XIE Y，et al. Multi-contrast

atherosclerosis characterization（MATCH）of

carotid plaque with a single 5-min scan：technical

development and clinical feasibility[J/OL]. J

Cardiovasc Magn Reson，2014，16：53. https：//doi.

org/10.1186/s12968-014-0053-5.

[19] LI M L，XU W H，SONG L，et al. Atherosclerosis

of middle cerebral artery：evaluation with highresolution

MR imaging at 3T[J]. Atherosclerosis，

2009，204（2）：447-452.

[20] BALU N，YARNYKH V L，CHU B，et al. Carotid

plaque assessment using fast 3D isotropic resolution

black-blood MRI[J]. Magn Reson Med，2011，65（3）：

627-637.

[21] Ota H，Yarnykh V L，Ferguson M S，et al. Carotid

intraplaque hemorrhage imaging at 3.0-T MR

imaging：comparison of the diagnostic performance

of three T1-weighted sequences[J]. Radiology，2010，

254（2）：551-563.

[22] WANG J，HELLE M，ZHOU Z，et al. Joint blood

and cerebrospinal fluid suppression for intracranial

vessel wall MRI[J]. Magn Reson Med，2016，75（2）：

831-838.

[23] WANG J，GUAN M，YAMADA K，et al. In

Vivo Validation of Simultaneous Non-Contrast

Angiography and intraPlaque Hemorrhage

（SNAP）Magnetic Resonance Angiography：An

Intracranial Artery Study[J/OL]. PLoS One，2016，

11（2）：e0149130. https：//doi.org/10.1371/journal.

pone.0149130.

[24] ZHOU Z，LI R，ZHAO X，et al. Evaluation of 3D

multi-contrast joint intra- and extracranial vessel

wall cardiovascular magnetic resonance[J/OL]. J

Cardiovasc Magn Reson，2015，17：41. https：//doi.

org/10.1186/s12968-015-0143-z.

[25] HEIDEMANN R M，OZSARLAK O，PARIZEL

P M，et al. A brief review of parallel magnetic

resonance imaging[J]. Eur Radiol，2003，13（10）：

2323-2337.

[26] HAYES C E，MATHIS C M，YUAN C. Surface

coil phased arrays for high-resolution imaging of the

carotid arteries[J]. J Magn Reson Imaging，1996，6

（1）：109-112.

[27] BALU N，YARNYKH V L，SCHOLNICK J，et

al. Improvements in carotid plaque imaging using a

new eight-element phased array coil at 3T[J]. J Magn

Reson Imaging，2009，30（5）：1209-1214.

[28] 卓水清，陈晓玲，吕衍春，等. 磁共振8通道神经血管

阵列线圈的临床应用与扫描技术[J]. 现代医学仪器

与应用，2005，17（3）：30-33.

[29] HU X，LI Y，ZHANG L，et al. A 32-channel coil

system for MR vessel wall imaging of intracranial

and extracranial arteries at 3T[J/OL]. Magn Reson

Imaging，2017，36：86-92. https：//doi.org/10.1016/

j.mri.2016.10.018.

[30] WANG X Y，LI R，HAYES C，et al. A new designed

36-channel neurovascular coil at 3T[J/OL]. Proc Intl

Soc Mag Reson Med，2012，20：2787. http：//cds.

ismrm.org/protected/12MProceedings/files/2787.pdf.