Abstract: Persistent artery is an abnormal anastomotic branch between the permanent internal carotid artery and the vertebrobasilar artery, which is a rare cerebrovascular variation. Typically, persistent arteries have a blood supply function and do not cause specific clinical symptoms; however, when accompanied by atherosclerotic lesions of the arteries and other vascular variants, they result in a complex clinical presentation. At present, ultrasonography is the first choice for clinical evaluation of cerebral and cervical vascular abnormalities. Correct diagnosis of persistent arteries improves clinical interpretation and reduces the risk of improper operation during related surgical or interventional procedures. Most persistent arteries are discovered incidentally through imaging, and their imaging manifestations are characteristic. There are many reports on the imaging diagnosis of persistent arteries at home and abroad, but few on ultrasonography staging and hemodynamics. Based on the literature, this paper innovatively proposed an ultrasound diagnostic concept and staging of the persistent artery in an effort to improve the early and accurate diagnosis of the persistent artery.

Key words: Persistent artery; Ultrasound; Cerebral vascular disease

摘要： 永存动脉是永久性颈内动脉和椎基底动脉之间的异常吻合，是一种较罕见的脑血管变异。通常，永存动脉具有供血功能，不引起任何特殊临床症状，但若伴发动脉粥样硬化性病变和其他血管变异，会导致临床表现复杂化。目前，超声是临床评估头颈血管病变的首选检查方法，正确诊断永存动脉，可以更准确地解释与其相关的临床表现，在进行相应手术或介入操作时，可避免不当操作的风险。永存动脉多为影像学检查偶然发现，其影像学表现具有特征性。目前，国内外不乏对永存动脉的影像学诊断报道，但缺乏超声对永存动脉分型及其血流动力学的评估报道。本文结合文献，创新性地提出永存动脉的超声诊断思路和分型，旨在提高对永存动脉的早期准确诊断率。

关键词: 永存动脉; 超声; 脑血管病