Research Advances in Animal Models of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5765.2024.03.003

Abstract

Abstract: Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is a vascular neuro-ophthalmic emergency, characterized by acute painless monocular vision loss, which is one of the main causes of blindness in middle-aged and elderly people. Currently, the pathogenesis and pathophysiological mechanism of CRAO is unclear, making the selection of appropriate animal models particularly important for the research on CRAO pathogenesis and the screening of therapeutic drugs. This paper mainly reviews the modeling methods and research progress of CRAO animal models, aiming to provide a reference basis for accurate diagnosis and treatment of CRAO.

Key words: Central retinal artery occlusion; Pathogenesis; Animal model

摘要： 视网膜中央动脉阻塞是血管神经眼科急症，表现为急性无痛性单眼视力丧失，是中老年致盲的主要病因之一。目前关于视网膜中央动脉阻塞的具体发病机制和病理生理机制尚不明确，选择合适的动物模型进行视网膜中央动脉阻塞发病机制的研究和治疗药物的筛选尤为重要。本文对视网膜中央动脉阻塞动物模型的造模方法和研究进展加以综述，以期为视网膜中央动脉阻塞的精准诊疗提供依据。

关键词: 视网膜中央动脉阻塞; 发病机制; 动物模型

CLC Number:

LEI Zhen, ZHANG Huan, WU Songdi. Research Advances in Animal Models of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion[J]. Chinese Journal of Stroke, 2024, 19(3): 266-272.

雷震, 张欢, 吴松笛. 视网膜中央动脉阻塞动物模型的研究进展[J]. 中国卒中杂志, 2024, 19(3): 266-272.

References

[1] MAC GRORY B，SCHRAG M，BIOUSSE V，et al. Management of central retinal artery occlusion：a scientific statement from the American Heart Association[J/OL]. Stroke，2021，52（6）：e282-e294[2023-11-12]. https://doi.org/10.1161/STR.
0000000000000366.
[2] 逯青丽，吴松笛. 视网膜动脉阻塞：“视网膜卒中”的认识与挑战[J]. 中国卒中杂志，2023，18（6）：712-719.
LU Q L，WU S D. Retinal artery occlusion：knowledge and challenge of“retinal stroke”[J]. Chin J Stroke，2023，18（6）：712-719.
[3] MADIKE R，CUGATI S，CHEN C. A review of the management of central retinal artery occlusion[J]. Taiwan J Ophthalmol，2022，12（3）：273-281.
[4] MINHAS G，MORISHITA R，ANAND A. Preclinical models to investigate retinal ischemia：advances and drawbacks[J/OL]. Front Neurol，2012，3：75[2023-11-12]. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.
2012.00075.
[5] VESTERGAARD N，CEHOFSKI L J，HONORÉ B，et al. Animal models used to simulate retinal artery occlusion：a comprehensive review[J/OL]. Transl Vis Sci Technol，2019，8（4）：23[2023-11-12]. https://doi.org/10.1167/tvst.8.4.23.
[6] VAN CRUCHTEN S，VROLYK V，PERRON LEPAGE M F，et al. Pre- and postnatal development of the eye：a species comparison[J]. Birth Defects Res，2017，109（19）：1540-1567.
[7] FLETCHER E L，JOBLING A I，VESSEY K A，et al. Animal models of retinal disease[J/OL]. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci，2011，100：211-286[2023-11-12]. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384878-9.00006-6.
[8] CHIANG C，ZHOU S，CHEN C，et al. Intravenous hyaluronidase with urokinase as treatment for rabbit retinal artery hyaluronic acid embolism[J]. Plast Reconstr Surg，2016，138（6）：1221-1229.
[9] GOLDENBERG-COHEN N，DADON S，AVRAHAM B C，et al. Molecular and histological changes following central retinal artery occlusion in a mouse model[J]. Exp Eye Res，2008，87（4）：327-333.
[10] ZHANG Y，CHO C H，ATCHANEEYASAKUL L O，et al. Activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in a rat model of central retinal artery occlusion[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci，2005，46（6）：2133-2139.
[11] KRAMER M，DADON S，HASANREISOGLU M，et al. Proinflammatory cytokines in a mouse model of central retinal artery occlusion[J]. Mol Vis，2009，15：885-894.
[12] JEON J，KIM S H，KONG E，et al. Establishment of the reproducible branch retinal artery occlusion mouse model and intravital longitudinal imaging of the retinal CX3CR1-GFP+ cells after spontaneous arterial recanalization[J/OL]. Front Med（Lausanne），2022，9：897800[2023-11-12]. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.
2022.897800.
[13] VESTERGAARD N，CEHOFSKI L J，ALSING A N，et al. Large-scale protein analysis of experimental retinal artery occlusion[J/OL]. Int J Mol Sci，2023，24（9）：7919[2023-11-12].
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24097919.
[14] NUCCI C，TARTAGLIONE R，ROMBOLÀ L，et al. Neurochemical evidence to implicate elevated glutamate in the mechanisms of high intraocular pressure（IOP）-induced retinal ganglion cell death in rat[J]. NeuroToxicology，2005，26（5）：935-941.
[15] RUSSO R，VARANO G P，ADORNETTO A，et al. Rapamycin and fasting sustain autophagy response activated by ischemia/reperfusion injury and promote retinal ganglion cell survival[J/OL]. Cell Death Dis，2018，9（10）：981[2023-11-12].
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41419-018-1044-5.
[16] RUSSO R，CAVALIERE F，BERLIOCCHI L，et al. Modulation of pro-survival and death-associated pathways under retinal ischemia/reperfusion：effects of NMDA receptor blockade[J]. J Neurochem，2008，107（5）：1347-1357.
[17] SAN CRISTÓBAL EPALZA J，PALOMARES T，GARCÍA-ALONSO I，et al. Histological assessment of rat retinas with ischemia-reperfusion injury[J]. Eur Surg Res，2021，62（3）：144-150.
[18] HAYREH S S，ZIMMERMAN M B，KIMURA A，et al. Central retinal artery occlusion. Retinal survival time[J]. Exp Eye Res，2004，78（3）：723-736.
[19] HAYREH S S，JONAS J B. Optic disk and retinal nerve fiber layer damage after transient central retinal artery occlusion：an experimental study in rhesus monkeys[J]. Am J Ophthalmol，2000，129（6）：786-795.
[20] PRASAD S S，KOJIC L，WEN Y H，et al. Retinal gene expression after central retinal artery ligation：effects of ischemia and reperfusion[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci，2010，51（12）：6207-6219.
[21] KWON Y H，RICKMAN D W，BARUAH S，et al. Vitreous and retinal amino acid concentrations in experimental central retinal artery occlusion in the primate[J]. Eye（Lond），2005，19（4）：455-463.
[22] KATAI N，YOSHIMURA N. Apoptotic retinal neuronal death by ischemia-reperfusion is executed by two distinct caspase family proteases[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci，1999，40（11）：2697-2705.
[23] MINHAS G，PRABHAKAR S，MORISHITA R，et al. Transplantation of lineage-negative stem cells in pterygopalatine artery ligation induced retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice[J]. Mol Cell Biochem，2017，429（1/2）：123-136.
[24] LEE D，TOMITA Y，YANG L，et al. Ocular ischemic syndrome and its related experimental models
[J/OL]. Int J Mol Sci，2022，23（9）：5249[2023-11-12].
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23095249.
[25] SHABANZADEH A P，D’ONOFRIO P M，MONNIER P P，et al. Neurosurgical modeling of retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury[J]. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis，2018，27（4）：845-856.
[26] OGISHIMA H，NAKAMURA S，NAKANISHI T，et al. Ligation of the pterygopalatine and external carotid arteries induces ischemic damage in the murine retina[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci，2011，52（13）：9710-9720.
[27] LELONG D C，BIECHE I，PEREZ E，et al. Novel mouse model of monocular amaurosis fugax[J]. Stroke，2007，38（12）：3237-3244.
[28] ISHIZUKA F，SHIMAZAWA M，UMIGAI N，et al. Crocetin，a carotenoid derivative，inhibits retinal ischemic damage in mice[J]. Eur J Pharmacol，2013，703（1/3）：1-10.
[29] LEE D，NAKAI A，MIWA Y，et al. Retinal degeneration in a murine model of retinal ischemia by unilateral common carotid artery occlusion[J/OL]. Biomed Res Int，2021，2021：7727648[2023-11-12]. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/7727648.
[30] LEE D，TOMITA Y，MIWA Y，et al. Fenofibrate protects against retinal dysfunction in a murine model of common carotid artery occlusion-induced ocular ischemia[J/OL]. Pharmaceuticals（Basel），2021，14（3）：223[2023-11-12]. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14030223.
[31] LEE D，JEONG H，MIWA Y，et al. Retinal dysfunction induced in a mouse model of unilateral common carotid artery occlusion[J/OL]. PeerJ，2021，9：e11665[2023-11-12]. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.
11665.
[32] LAVINSKY D，ARTERNI N S，ACHAVAL M，et al. Chronic bilateral common carotid artery occlusion：a model for ocular ischemic syndrome in the rat[J]. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol，2006，244（2）：199-204.
[33] QIN Y L，JI M Q，DENG T T，et al. Functional and morphologic study of retinal hypoperfusion injury induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in rats[J/OL]. Sci Rep，2019，9（1）：80[2023-11-12]. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-36400-5.
[34] LEE D，MIWA Y，JEONG H，et al. A murine model of ischemic retinal injury induced by transient bilateral common carotid artery occlusion
[J/OL]. J Vis Exp，2020（165）：e61865[2023-11-12].
https://doi.org/10.3791/61865.
[35] FARKAS E，LUITEN P G，BARI F. Permanent，bilateral common carotid artery occlusion in the rat：a model for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion-related neurodegenerative diseases[J]. Brain Res Rev，2007，54（1）：162-180.
[36] CHEUNG S S，LEUNG J W，LAM A K，et al. Selective over-expression of endothelin-1 in endothelial cells exacerbates inner retinal edema and neuronal death in ischemic retina[J/OL]. PLoS One，2011，6（10）：e26184[2023-11-12]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026184.
[37] TAKEI K，SATO T，NONOYAMA T，et al. A new model of transient complete obstruction of retinal vessels induced by endothelin-1 injection into the posterior vitreous body in rabbits[J]. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol，1993，231（8）：476-481.
[38] MORÉN H，UNDRÉN P，GESSLEIN B，et al. The porcine retinal vasculature accessed using an endovascular approach：a new experimental model for retinal ischemia[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci，2009，50（11）：5504-5510.