Intelligent Intracerebral Hemorrhage Treatment: Clinical Advances and Technological Breakthroughs Driven by Demand

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5765.2025.12.003

Abstract

Abstract: Clinical management of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) faces multiple challenges, including ill-defined surgical timing, low hematoma clearance efficiency, and substantial surgical trauma. Conventional surgical approaches, such as craniotomy hematoma removal and stereotactic hematoma aspiration, often fall short of meeting clinical demands due to limitations of high invasiveness and insufficient precision. In recent years, propelled by artificial intelligence and novel imaging technologies, the treatment of ICH has accelerated its transition toward intelligence and precision. Preoperatively, diagnostic models provide an accurate basis for surgical decision-making by improving the accuracy of ICH etiology identification and the ability to predict hematoma expansion risk. Intraoperatively, intelligent auxiliary systems further optimize surgical outcomes through brain shift monitoring and real-time trajectory adjustments. Notably, robot-assisted minimally invasive stereotactic puncture therapy, leveraging multi-modal image fusion technology and micrometer-level execution precision of robotic arms, significantly shortens operative time and reduces the risk of complications, thereby being progressively adopted in clinical practice. This article reviews the clinical application effects and latest technological advancements in robot-assisted ICH surgery, aiming to provide references for the breakthroughs and development of intelligent ICH treatment technologies in the context of medical-engineering integration.

Key words: Intracerebral hemorrhage; Robot-assisted surgery; Precision therapy; Minimally invasive therapy

摘要： 脑出血（intracerebral hemorrhage，ICH）临床治疗面临手术时机不明确、血肿清除效率低及手术创伤大等多重挑战。传统手术方式（如开颅血肿清除术、立体定向血肿抽吸术等）因创伤大、精度不足等局限，难以满足临床需求。近年来，在人工智能与新型成像技术的驱动下，ICH治疗加速向智能化、精准化转型：术前诊断模型通过提升ICH病因识别的准确率和对血肿扩大风险的预测能力，为手术决策提供精准依据；术中智能辅助系统借助脑移位监测与实时路径调整，进一步优化手术效果；机器人辅助微创立体定向穿刺治疗则依托多模态影像融合技术与机械臂微米级执行精度，显著缩短手术时间并降低并发症风险，已在临床逐步推广。本文围绕机器人辅助下ICH手术的临床应用效果与最新技术进展进行综述，旨在为医工融合背景下智能ICH治疗技术的突破与发展提供参考。

关键词: 脑出血; 机器人辅助手术; 精准治疗; 微创治疗

CLC Number:

ZHAO Runsheng, LI Xinwei, WANG Qiao, ZHANG Xu, ZHANG Dong. Intelligent Intracerebral Hemorrhage Treatment: Clinical Advances and Technological Breakthroughs Driven by Demand[J]. Chinese Journal of Stroke, 2025, 20(12): 1488-1492.

赵润生, 李新伟, 王乔, 张旭, 张东. 智能脑出血治疗：需求驱动下的临床进展与技术突破[J]. 中国卒中杂志, 2025, 20(12): 1488-1492.

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