Abstract: Microglia as the main immune surveillance cell in central nervous system can cause acute or chronic cerebral ischemic injury via mediating inflammation and oxidative stress and releasing varieties of products with neurotoxicity, which could even cause the death of neurons and other glial cells. White matter demyelinatingis the feature of vascular cognitive impairment, marked by magnetic resonance imaging of brain, which is a disease caused by chronic cerebral ischemic damage. We reviewed researches on the mechanism of the role of ischemic nonspecific inflammation in the white matter damage mediated by microglia activation, in order to provide reference and help for further mechanism studies.

Key words: Microglia; Inflammation; Vascular cognitive impairment; White matter lesion; Oligodendrocyte

摘要： 小胶质细胞作为中枢神经系统免疫监视的主要细胞， 在脑组织急慢性缺血性损伤中可通 过介导炎症及氧化应激反应释放多种具有神经毒性的产物， 进一步引起神经元和其他胶质细胞的 死亡。 血管性认知障碍作为脑组织慢性缺血性损伤导致的一种以磁共振成像下脑白质脱髓鞘为特征 的疾病， 缺血性非特异炎症在其白质损伤中的作用机制愈发得到重视。 本文对有关脑组织缺血引起 小胶质细胞激活所介导非特异性炎症进而造成脑白质脱髓鞘损伤的机制相关研究做一综述， 以期 能够为进一步的相关机制研究提供参考和帮助。

关键词: 小胶质细胞; 炎症; 血管性认知障碍; 脑白质损伤; 少突胶质细胞