关键词: 真实世界研究; 混杂因素控制; 脑血管病; 协变量

Abstract: Real-world studies have increasely become the focus in the field of clinical research because their findings are closer to the real world. However, real-world study is not a specific type of research design parallel with observational studies and experimental studies, and the control of confounding factors and covariates in the data analysis of real-world studies should be paid more attention. Correct identification of confounding factors/covariates and reasonable application of statistical methods can effectively improve the accuracy and authenticity of research conclusions. This article introduced the common methods of confounding factors/covariates control in real-world studies, including hierarchical analysis, analysis of covariance, multi-factor regression, propensity score, disease risk score and instrumental variable analysis, and cases analysis combined with clinical research application of cerebrovascular disease, so as to provide reference for understanding and applying the relevant methods.

Key words: Real-world study; Control of confounding factor; Cerebrovascular disease; Covariate