1 Micieli G. Vascular dementia[J]. Neurol Sci, 2006,

27:S37-S39.

2 Rockwood K. Vascular cognitive impairment and

vascular dementia[J]. J Neurol Sci, 2002, 203-204:23-

27.

3 Román GC, Erkinjuntti T, Wallin A, et al. Subcortical

ischaemic vascular dementia[J]. Lancet Neurol, 2002,

1:426-436.

4 Jiwa NS, Garrard P, Hainsworth AH. Experimental

models of vascular dementia and vascular cognitive

impairment:a systematic review[J]. J Neurochem, 2010,

115:814-828.

5 Sarti C, Pantoni L, Bartolini L, et al. Cognitive

impairment and chronic cerebral hypoperfusion:what

can be learned from experimental models[J]. J Neurol

Sci, 2002, 203-204:263-266.

6 Juma WM, Lira A, Marzuk A, et al. C-reactive protein

expression in a rodent model of chronic cerebral

hypoperfusion[J]. Brain Res, 2011, 1414:85-93.

7 Tatemichi TK, Desmond DW, Prohovnik I, et

al. Dementia associated with bilateral carotid

occlusions:neuropsychological and haemodynamic

course after extracranial to intracranial bypass

surgery[J]. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 1995,

58:633-636.

8 Pulsinelli WA, Brierley JB. A new model of bilateral

hemispheric ischemia in the unanesthetized rat[J].

Stroke, 1979, 10:267-272.

9 Pulsinelli WA, Brierley JB, PlumF. Temporal profile of neuronal damage in a model of transient forebrain

ischemia[J]. Ann Neurol, 1982, 11:491-498.

10 Kameyama M, Suzuki J, Shirane R, et al. A new model

of bilateral hemispheric ischemia in the rat--three

vessel occlusion model[J]. Stroke, 1985, 16:489-493.

11 Ni J, Ohta H, Matsumoto K, et al. Progressive cognitive

impairment following chronic cerebral hypoperfusion

induced by permanent occlusion of bilateral carotid

arteries in rats[J]. Brain Res, 1994, 653:231-236.

12 Stasiak A, Mussur M, Unzeta M, et al. The central

histamine level in rat model of vascular dementia[J]. J

Physiol Pharmacol, 2011, 62:549-558.

13 Koizumi J, Yoshida Y, Nakazawa T, et al. Experimental

studies of ischemic brain edema. I. A new experimental

model of cerebr al embolism in r at s in which

recirculation can be introduced in the ischemic area[J].

Jap J. Stroke, 1986, 8:1-8.

14 Longa EZ, Weinstein PR, Carlson S, et al. Reversible

middle cerebral artery occlusion without craniectomy

in rats[J]. Stroke, 1989, 20:84-91.

15 Yamamoto M, Tamura A, Kirino T, et al. Behavioral

changes after focal cerebral ischemia by left middle

cerebral artery occlusion in rats[J]. Brain Res, 1988,

452:323-328.

16 Kaneko D, Nakamura N, Ogawa T. Cerebral infarction

in rats using homologous blood emboli:development of

a new experimental model[J]. Stroke, 1985, 16:76-84.

17 Naritomi H. Experimental basis of multi-infarct

dementia:memory impairments in rodent models of

ischemia[J]. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord, 1991, 5:103-

111.

18 Zivin JA, DeGirolami U, Kochhar A, et al. A model for

quantitative evaluation of embolic stroke therapy[J].

Brain Res, 1987, 435:305-309.

19 Roos MW, Ericsson A, Berg M, et al. Functional

evaluation of cerebral microembolization in the rat[J].

Brain Res, 2003, 961:15-21.

20 Miyake K, Takeo S, Kaijihara H. Sustained decrease in

brain regional blood flow after microsphere embolism

in rats[J]. Stroke, 1993, 24:415-420.

21 May z e l -Or eg O, Oma e T, Ka z emi M, e t a l .

Microsphere-induced embolic stroke:an MRI study[J].

Magn Reson Med, 2004, 51:1232-1238.

22 Bailey EL, McCulloch J, Sudlow C, et al. Potential

animal models of lacunar stroke:a systematic review[J].

Stroke, 2009, 40:e451-e458.

23 Romanova GA, Shakova FM, Gudasheva TA, et

al. Impai rment of lear ning and memor y af ter

photothrombosis of the prefrontal cortex in rat

brain:effects of Noopept[J]. Bull Exp Biol Med, 2002,

134:528-530.

24 Romanova GA, Shakova FM, Kovaleva OI, et al.

Relationship between changes in rat behavior and

integral biochemical indexes determined by laser

correlation spectroscopy after photothrombosis of the

prefrontal cortex[J]. Bull Exp Biol Med, 2002, 137:135-

138.

25 Du r u k a n A, Ta t l i s uma k T. Ac u t e i s ch emi c

stroke:overview of major experimental rodent models,

pathophysiology, and therapy of focal cerebral

ischemia[J]. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 2007, 87:179-

197.

26 Ta ye b a t i SK. An ima l mo d e l s of c o g n i t i ve

dysfunction[J]. Mech Ageing Dev, 2006, 127:100-108.

27 Tayebati SK, Tomassoni D, AmentaF. Spontaneously

hyper tensive rat as a model of vascular brain

disorde r:Mic roanatomy, neu rochemist r y and

behavior[J]. J Neurol Sci, 2012, 322:241-249.

28 Togashi H, Kimura S, Matsumoto M, et al. Cholinergic

changes in the hippocampus of st roke -prone

spontaneously hypertensive rats[J]. Stroke, 1996,

27:520-526.

29 Nabika T, Cui Z, Masuda J. The st roke-prone

spontaneously hypertensive rat:how good is it as

a model for cerebrovascular diseases?[J]. Cell Mol

Neurobiol, 2004, 24:639-646.

30 Sekhon LH, Morgan MK. Spence I, et al. Chronic

cerebral hypoperfusion:pathological and behavioral

consequences[J]. Neurosurgery, 1997, 40:548-556.

31 de la Torre JC, FortinT, Park GA, et al. Chronic

cerebrovascular insufficiency induces dementia-like

deficits in aged rats[J]. Brain Res, 1992, 582:186-195.

32 Pappas BA, de la Torre JC, Davidson CM, et al. Chronic

reduction of cerebral blood flow in the adult rat:lateemerging

CA1 cell loss and memory dysfunction[J].

Brain Res, 1996, 708:50-58.

33 Román GC. Facts, myths, and controversies in vascular

dementia[J]. J Neurol Sci, 2004, 226:49-52.

34 Kimura S, Saito H, Minami M, et al. Pathogenesis

of vascular dementia in stroke-prone spontaneously

hypertensive rats[J]. Toxicology, 2000, 153:167-178.

35 Sharp SI. Francis PT, Elliott MS, et al. Choline

acetyltransferase activity in vascular dementia and

stroke[J]. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 2009, 28:233-

238.