1 Gioia LC, Tollard E, Dubuc V, et al. Silent ischemiclesions in young adults with first stroke are associatedwith recurrent stroke[J]. Neurology, 2012, 79:1208-1214.2 Putaala J, Haapaniemi E, Kurkinen M, et al. Silentbrain infarcts, leukoaraiosis, and long-term prognosisin young ischemic stroke patients[J]. Neurology, 2011,76:1742-1749.3 Weber R, Weimar C, Wanke I, et al. Risk of recurrentstroke in patients with silent brain infarction in thePrevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding SecondStrokes (PRoFESS) imaging substudy[J]. Stroke, 2012,43:350-355.4 Rouhl RP, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Knottnerus IL, et al.Virchow-Robin spaces relate to cerebral small vesseldisease severity[J]. J Neurol, 2008, 255:692-696.5 Zhu YC, Dufouil C, Tzourio C, et al. Silent braininfarcts:a review of MRI diagnostic criteria[J]. Stroke,2011, 42:1140-1145.6 Fazekas F, Chawluk JB, Alavi A, et al. MR signalabnormalities at 1.5T in Alzheimer's dementiaand normal aging[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 1987,149:351-356.7 Zhang C, Li Z, Wang Y, et al. Risk factors of cerebralmicrobleeds in strictly deep or lobar brain regionsdiffered[J]. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 2015, 24:24-30.8 Ay H, Furie KL, Singhal A, et al. An evidence-basedcausative classification system for acute ischemicstroke[J]. Ann Neurol, 2005, 58:688-697.9 D'Amore C, Paciaroni M. Border-zone and watershedinfarctions[J]. Front Neurol Neurosci, 2012, 30:181-184.10 Momjian-Mayor I, Baron JC. The pathophysiologyof watershed infarction in internal carotid arterydisease:review of cerebral perfusion studies[J]. Stroke,2005, 36:567-577.11 Szabo K, Kern R, Gass A, et al. Acute stroke patternsin patients with internal carotid artery disease:adiffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imagingstudy[J]. Stroke, 2001, 32:1323-1329.12 Ois A, Gomis M, Rodriguez-Campello A, et al.Factors associated with a high risk of recurrencein patients with transient ischemic attack or minorstroke[J]. Stroke, 2008, 39:1717-1721.13 Conijn MM, Kloppenborg RP, Algra A, et al. Cerebralsmall vessel disease and risk of death, ischemicstroke, and cardiac complications in patients withatherosclerotic disease:the Second Manifestations of 表4 缺血性卒中患者发病1年内脑梗死或TIA复发相关因素的多因素Logistic回归结果变量P值调整后的OR(95%CI)年龄≥65岁0.826 0.908(0.383~2.152)男性0.745 1.183(0.429~3.260)以前或现在吸烟0.925 0.955(0.367~2.484)大量饮酒0.763 0.781(0.157~3.891)高血压0.841 0.913(0.374~2.227)糖尿病0.113 0.502(0.214~1.176)高脂血症0.583 1.313(0.497~3.470)冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病0.011 3.845(1.356~10.90)有脑出血病史0.126 5.731(0.611~53.77)有脑白质疏松0.883 0.882(0.167~4.666)Fazekas评分≥3分0.981 0.989(0.415~2.358)有陈旧性腔梗0.532 0.542(0.079~3.710)陈旧性腔梗的数量分级0.506 1.604(0.398~6.459)入院NIHSS评分<4分<0.0001 5.757(2.446~13.55)小动脉闭塞性卒中* 0.640 0.642(0.101~4.105)梗死灶责任脑动脉闭塞或狭窄程度70% 0.042 5.873(1.065~32.38)新发梗死灶为多发0.191 2.167(0.680~6.901)有流域性脑梗死0.070 0.298(0.081~1.103)有皮层小的梗死灶0.362 2.381(0.369~15.36)有皮层新发梗死灶0.162 0.271(0.044~-1.685)有分水岭梗死0.306 2.315(0.464~11.55)有内分水岭梗死0.225 0.424(0.106~1.698)有前皮层分水岭梗死0.437 1.592(0.493~5.139)有后皮层分水岭梗死0.074 0.319(0.091~1.118)出院时未给予抗血小板药物0.039 3.165(1.058~9.469)出院时口服他汀药物0.268 0.594(0.237~1.491)注:*:相对大动脉粥样硬化性卒中。NIHSS:美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表;TIA:短暂性脑缺血发作;OR :比值比;CI:可信区间参考文献1 Gioia LC, Tollard E, Dubuc V, et al. Silent ischemiclesions in young adults with first stroke are associatedwith recurrent stroke[J]. Neurology, 2012, 79:1208-1214.2 Putaala J, Haapaniemi E, Kurkinen M, et al. Silentbrain infarcts, leukoaraiosis, and long-term prognosisin young ischemic stroke patients[J]. Neurology, 2011,76:1742-1749.3 Weber R, Weimar C, Wanke I, et al. Risk of recurrentstroke in patients with silent brain infarction in thePrevention Regimen for Effectively Avoiding SecondStrokes (PRoFESS) imaging substudy[J]. Stroke, 2012,43:350-355.4 Rouhl RP, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Knottnerus IL, et al.Virchow-Robin spaces relate to cerebral small vesseldisease severity[J]. J Neurol, 2008, 255:692-696.5 Zhu YC, Dufouil C, Tzourio C, et al. Silent braininfarcts:a review of MRI diagnostic criteria[J]. Stroke,2011, 42:1140-1145.6 Fazekas F, Chawluk JB, Alavi A, et al. MR signalabnormalities at 1.5T in Alzheimer's dementiaand normal aging[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 1987,149:351-356.7 Zhang C, Li Z, Wang Y, et al. Risk factors of cerebralmicrobleeds in strictly deep or lobar brain regionsdiffered[J]. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 2015, 24:24-30.8 Ay H, Furie KL, Singhal A, et al. An evidence-basedcausative classification system for acute ischemicstroke[J]. Ann Neurol, 2005, 58:688-697.9 D'Amore C, Paciaroni M. Border-zone and watershedinfarctions[J]. Front Neurol Neurosci, 2012, 30:181-184.10 Momjian-Mayor I, Baron JC. The pathophysiologyof watershed infarction in internal carotid arterydisease:review of cerebral perfusion studies[J]. Stroke,2005, 36:567-577.11 Szabo K, Kern R, Gass A, et al. Acute stroke patternsin patients with internal carotid artery disease:adiffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imagingstudy[J]. Stroke, 2001, 32:1323-1329.12 Ois A, Gomis M, Rodriguez-Campello A, et al.Factors associated with a high risk of recurrencein patients with transient ischemic attack or minorstroke[J]. Stroke, 2008, 39:1717-1721.13 Conijn MM, Kloppenborg RP, Algra A, et al. Cerebralsmall vessel disease and risk of death, ischemicstroke, and cardiac complications in patients withatherosclerotic disease:the Second Manifestations ofART erial disease-Magnetic Resonance (SMART-MR)study[J]. Stroke, 2011, 42:3105-3109.14 Ong CT, Sung KC, Sung SF, et al. Impact of silentinfarction on the outcome of stroke patients[J]. J FormosMed Assoc, 2009, 108:224-230.15 Jorgensen HS, Nakayama H, Raaschou HO, et al.Leukoaraiosis in stroke patients. The CopenhagenStroke Study[J]. Stroke, 1995, 26:588-592.16 Podgorska A, Hier DB, Pytlewski A, et al. Leukoaraiosisand stroke outcome[J]. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis,2002, 11:336-340. |