中国卒中杂志 ›› 2020, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (07): 728-733.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5765.2020.07.006

• 专题论坛 • 上一篇    下一篇

卒中气管切开患者拔管的康复治疗研究进展

邓宝梅,梁丽丝,赵嘉欣,胡昔权   

  1. 510630 广州中山大学附属第三医院康复医学科
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-24 出版日期:2020-07-20 发布日期:2020-07-20
  • 通讯作者: 胡昔权 xiquhu@hotmail.com

Progress of Rehabilitation Therapy for Decannulation in Stroke Patients with Tracheostomy

  • Received:2020-04-24 Online:2020-07-20 Published:2020-07-20

摘要:

气管切开是临床抢救重症卒中患者的一种重要手段,但长期气管切开套管留置易造成多 种并发症,及早康复介入可促进患者早期拔管。本文从呼吸功能康复、吞咽康复、说话瓣膜的使用、 气道及套管的循证护理管理和一般支持治疗方面对促进卒中气管切开患者拔管的康复治疗进展进 行了归纳总结,为提高临床卒中患者拔管率提供参考。气道廓清技术、呼吸肌训练、运动训练和体位 管理可改善患者呼吸功能;直接与间接吞咽功能训练、唾液的管理和咽腔电刺激可改善患者吞咽功 能;说话瓣膜的合理使用可促进患者早日拔管;对气道进行气道湿化、气囊管理和吸痰护理,对套管 进行合理的固定与清洁消毒等,可减少并发症,防止感染;稳定患者病情,给予良好的营养支持和心 理康复等一般支持治疗,可提高拔管成功率。虽然目前对卒中气管切开患者拔管的康复治疗并无统一 标准,但是多学科合作的综合性康复治疗可提高患者拔管率,促进患者早日康复。

文章导读: 多学科合作的综合性康复治疗可提高患者拔管率,促进患者早日康复。

关键词: 卒中; 气管切开; 拔管; 康复

Abstract:

Tracheostomy is an important method to rescue patients with severe stroke. However, prolonged tracheostomy tube placement may lead to increased risk of complications. Early rehabilitation intervention can promote patients’ early decannulation. This paper summarized the progress of rehabilitation therapy to promote decannulation in stroke patients from the following aspects: respiratory rehabilitation, swallowing rehabilitation, use of speech valves, evidencebased nursing management of airway and cannula and general supportive treatment, so as to provide reference for improving decannulation rate in stroke patients. Airway clearance technique, respiratory muscle training, exercise training and position management can improve patients' respiratory function.The swallowing function of patients can be improved by direct and indirect swallowing function training, saliva management and pharyngeal electrical stimulation. Rational use of speaking valve can promote early decannulation. Airway humidification, cuff management and sputum aspiration care, as well as reasonable fixation, cleaning and disinfection of cannula can reduce complications and prevent infection. The success rate of decannulation can be increased by stabilizing the patient's medical status, giving good nutritional support and psychological rehabilitation. Although there is no unified standard for rehabilitation treatment of decannulation in stroke patients with tracheostomy, multidisciplinary comprehensive rehabilitation treatment can improve the rate of decannulation and promote early rehabilitation of patients.

Key words: Stroke; Tracheostomy; Decannulation; Rehabilitation