肌萎缩侧索硬化患者营养管理专家共识

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5765.2025.02.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 肌萎缩侧索硬化（amyotrophic lateral sclerosis，ALS）是一种致死性的神经退行性疾病。恰当的营养管理对延缓ALS的疾病进展、提高患者的生活质量意义重大。国家神经系统疾病医疗质量控制中心运动神经元病工作组基于现有的临床指南、研究文献，通过德尔菲法组织形成了针对ALS患者营养管理的专家共识。本专家共识针对ALS患者营养管理的重要问题，如多学科协作、营养干预目标、吞咽困难评估、营养支持方式及社会支持等，进行了深入探讨，并提出了7项具体建议和实施策略。专家共识强调ALS患者营养管理的个体化，以及根据患者病程进展进行动态调整的营养策略。通过科学的临床评估和干预，改善患者的营养状态，从而提高患者的生存质量，延缓疾病进展。

关键词: 肌萎缩侧索硬化; 运动神经元病; 营养管理; 营养不良; 吞咽困难

Abstract: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. Proper nutritional management is of great significance in delaying disease progression and improving the quality of life for ALS patients. Based on existing clinical guidelines and research literature, the Working Group of Motor Neuron Disease of National Center for Medical Quality Control of Nervous System Diseases formed an expert consensus on the nutritional management of ALS patients using the Delphi method. This consensus deeply discusses the important issues in the nutritional management of ALS patients, such as multidisciplinary collaboration, nutritional intervention goals, dysphagia assessment, methods of nutritional support, and social support, and proposes seven specific recommendations and implementation strategies. The consensus emphasizes the individualization of nutritional management for ALS patients and dynamic adjustment of nutritional strategy according to the progression of the disease. Through scientific clinical assessment and intervention, the nutritional status of patients can be improved, thereby improving the quality of life and delaying disease progression.

Key words: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Motor neuron disease; Nutritional management; Malnutrition; Dysphagia

中图分类号:

国家神经系统疾病医疗质量控制中心运动神经元病工作组, 国家神经系统疾病医疗质量控制中心. 肌萎缩侧索硬化患者营养管理专家共识[J]. 中国卒中杂志, 2025, 20(2): 218-227.

Working Group of Motor Neuron Disease of National Center for Medical Quality Control of Nervous System Diseases, National Center for Medical Quality Control of Nervous System Diseases. Expert Consensus on Nutritional Management for Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis[J]. Chinese Journal of Stroke, 2025, 20(2): 218-227.

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