参考文献

 1 Xu AD, Wang YJ, Wang DZ, et al. Consensus statement on the use of intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator to treat acute ischemic stroke by the Chinese Stroke Therapy Expert Panel[J]. CNS Neurosci Ther, 2013, 19:543-548.

 2 Jauch EC, Saver JL, Adams HP, et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke:a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association[J]. Stroke, 2013, 44:870-947.

 3 Levy EI, Siddiqui AH, Crumlish A, et al. First Food and Drug Administration-approved prospective trial of primary intracranial stenting for acute stroke:SARIS (stent-assisted recanalization in acute ischemic stroke)[J]. Stroke, 2009, 40:3552-3556.

 4 Emberson J, Lees KR, Lyden P, et al. Effect of treatment delay, age, and stroke severity on the effects of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke:a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials[J]. Lancet, 2014, 384:1929-1935.

 5 Asadi H, Dowling R, Yan B, et al. Advances in endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke[J]. Intern Med J, 2014-11-01. doi:10.1111/imj.12652 [Epub ahead of print].

 6 Tomsick TA, Yeatts SD, Liebeskind DS, et al. Endovascular revascularization results in IMS Ⅲ:intracranial ICA and M1 occlusions[J]. J Neurointerv Surg, 2014-10-23, pii:neurintsurg-2014-011318. doi:10.1136/neurintsurg-2014-011318[Epub ahead of print].

 7 Kidwell CS, Jahan R, Gornbein J, et al. A trial of imaging selection and endovascular treatment for ischemic stroke[J]. N Engl J Med, 2013, 368:914-923.

 8 Ciccone A, Valvassori L, Nichelatti M, et al. Endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke[J]. N Engl J Med, 2013, 368:904-913.

 9 Berkhemer OA, Fransen PS, Beumer D, et al. A randomized trial of intraarterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke[J]. N Engl J Med, 2015, 372:11-20.

10 Goyal M, Demchuk AM, Menon BK, et al. Randomized assessment of rapid endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke[J]. N Engl J Med, 2015, 372:1019-1030.

11 Campbell BC, Mitchell PJ, Kleinig TJ, et al. Endovascular therapy for ischemic stroke with perfusion-imaging selection[J]. N Engl J Med, 2015, 372:1009-1018.

12 Saver JL, Goyal M, Bonafe A, et al. Stent-retriever thrombectomy after intravenous t-PA vs. t-PA alone in stroke[J]. N Engl J Med, 2015-04-17 [Epub ahead of print].

13 Jovin TG, Chamorro A, Cobo E, et al. Thrombectomy within 8 hours after symptom onset in ischemic stroke[J]. N Engl J Med, 2015-04-17 [Epub ahead of print].

14 中华预防医学会卒中预防与控制专业委员会介入学组急性缺血性脑卒中血管内治疗中国专家共识组. 急性缺血性脑卒中血管内治疗中国专家共识[J]. 中华医学杂志, 2014, 94:2097-2101.

15 Furlan A, Higashida R, Wechsler L, et al. Intra-arterial prourokinase for acute ischemic stroke. The PROACT Ⅱ study:a randomized controlled trial. Prolyse in Acute Cerebral Thromboembolism[J]. JAMA, 1999, 282:2003-2011.

16 Ogawa A, Mori E, Minematsu K, et al. Randomized trial of intraarterial infusion of urokinase within 6 hours of middle cerebral artery stroke:the middle cerebral artery embolism local fibrinolytic intervention trial (MELT) Japan[J]. Stroke, 2007, 38:2633-2639.

17 IMS Study Investigators. Combined intravenous and intra-arterial recanalization for acute ischemic stroke:the Interventional Management of Stroke Study[J]. Stroke, 2004, 35:904-911.

18 IMS Ⅱ Trial Investigators. The Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS) Ⅱ Study[J]. Stroke, 2007, 38:2127-2135.

19 Lewandowski CA, Frankel M, Tomsick TA, et al. Combined intravenous and intra-arterial r-TPA versus intra-arterial therapy of acute ischemic stroke:Emergency Management of Stroke (EMS) Bridging Trial[J]. Stroke, 1999, 30:2598-2605.

20 Lindsberg PJ,  Mattle HP. Therapy of basilar artery occlusion:a systematic analysis comparing intra-arterial and intravenous thrombolysis[J]. Stroke, 2006, 37:922-928.

21 Schonewille WJ, Wijman CA, Michel P, et al. Treatment and outcomes of acute basilar artery occlusion in the Basilar Artery International Cooperation Study (BASICS):a prospective registry study[J]. Lancet Neurol, 2009, 8:724-730.

22 Ferrell AS, Britz GW. Developments on the horizon in the treatment of neurovascular problems[J]. Surg Neurol Int, 2013, 4:S31-S37.

23 Broderick JP, Palesch YY, Demchuk AM, et al. Endovascular therapy after intravenous t-PA versus t-PA alone for stroke[J]. N Engl J Med, 2013, 368:893-903.

24 Khatri P, Yeatts SD, Mazighi M, et al. Time to angiographic reperfusion and clinical outcome after acute ischaemic stroke:an analysis of data from the Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS Ⅲ) phase 3 trial[J]. Lancet Neurol, 2014, 13:567-574.

25 Kidwell CS, Jahan R, Saver JL. Endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke[J]. N Engl J Med, 2013, 368:2434-2435.

26 Qureshi AI, Abd-Allah F, Aleu A, et al. Endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke patients:implications and interpretation of IMS Ⅲ, MR RESCUE, and SYNTHESIS EXPANSION trials:A report from the Working Group of International Congress of Interventional Neurology[J]. J Vasc Interv Neurol, 2014, 7:56-75.

27 Mokin M, Khalessi AA, Mocco J, et al. Endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke:the end or just the beginning?[J]. Neurosurg Focus, 2014, 36:E5.

28 Gonzalez RG, Copen WA, Schaefer PW, et al. The Massachusetts General Hospital acute stroke imaging algorithm:an experience and evidence based approach[J]. J Neurointerv Surg, 2013, 5 Suppl 1:i7-i12.

29 Yoo AJ, Verduzco LA, Schaefer PW, et al. MRI-based selection for intra-arterial stroke therapy:value of pretreatment diffusion-weighted imaging lesion volume in selecting patients with acute stroke who will benefit from early recanalization[J]. Stroke, 2009, 40:2046-2054.

30 Mocco J. THERAPY:Aspiration Thrombectomy Looks Good in Stroke[C]. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) Conference 2015. Glasgow UK, 2015-04-20.

31 Saver JL, Jahan R, Levy EI, et al. Solitaire flow restoration device versus the Merci Retriever in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (SWIFT):a randomised, parallel-group, non-inferiority trial[J]. Lancet, 2012, 380:1241-1249.

32 Nogueira RG, Lutsep HL, Gupta R, et al. Trevo versus Merci retrievers for thrombectomy revascularisation of large vessel occlusions in acute ischaemic stroke (TREVO 2):a randomised trial[J]. Lancet, 2012, 380:1231-1240.

33 Goyal M, Demchuk AM, Menon BK, et al. Randomized assessment of rapid endovascular treatment of ischemic stroke[J]. N Engl J Med,2015, 372:1019-1030. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1414905 [Epub ahead of print].

34 Bracard S. THRACE:Seventh Endovascular Trial Shows Benefit in Stroke[C]. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) Conference 2015. Glasgow UK, 2015-04-20.

35 Pereira VM, Gralla J, Davalos A, et al. Prospective, multicenter, single-arm study of mechanical thrombectomy using Solitaire Flow Restoration in acute ischemic stroke[J]. Stroke, 2013, 44:2802-2807.

36 Walcott BP, Boehm KM, Stapleton CJ, et al. Retrievable stent thrombectomy in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke:analysis of a revolutionizing treatment technique[J]. J Clin Neurosci, 2013, 20:1346-1349.

37 Kuntze Soderqvist A, Kaijser M, Soderman M, et al. Mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke-experience from 6 years of practice[J]. Neuroradiology, 2014, 56:477-486.

38 Behme D, Gondecki L, Fiethen S, et al. Complications of mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke-a retrospective single-center study of 176 consecutive cases[J]. Neuroradiology, 2014, 56:467-476.

39 Nikoubashman O, Reich A, Pjontek R, et al. Postinterventional subarachnoid haemorrhage after endovascular stroke treatment with stent retrievers[J]. Neuroradiology, 2014, 56:1087-1096.

40 Villwock MR, Singla A, Padalino DJ, et al. Acute ischaemic stroke outcomes following mechanical thrombectomy in the elderly versus their younger counterpart:a retrospective cohort study[J]. BMJ Open, 2014, 4:e004480.

41 Almekhlafi MA, Davalos A, Bonafe A, et al. Impact of age and baseline NIHSS scores on clinical outcomes in the mechanical thrombectomy using Solitaire FR in acute ischemic stroke study[J]. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2014, 35:1337-1340.

42 Brinjikji W, Rabinstein AA, Cloft HJ. Outcomes of endovascular mechanical thrombectomy and intravenous tissue plasminogen activator for the treatment of vertebrobasilar stroke[J]. J Clin Neurol, 2014, 10:17-23.

43 Vagal AS, Khatri P, Broderick JP, et al. Time to angiographic reperfusion in acute ischemic stroke:decision analysis[J]. Stroke, 2014, 45:3625-3630.

44 Kappelhof M, Marquering HA, Berkhemer OA, et al. Intra-arterial treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke and internal carotid artery occlusion:a literature review[J]. J Neurointerv Surg, 2015, 7:8-15.

45 Cohen JE, Gomori JM, Rajz G, et al. Extracranial carotid artery stenting followed by intracranial stent-based thrombectomy for acute tandem occlusive disease[J]. J Neurointerv Surg, 2015, 7:412-417.

46 Maurer CJ, Joachimski F, Berlis A. Two in one:endovascular treatment of acute tandem occlusions in the anterior circulation[J]. Clin Neuroradiol, 2014-07-03 [Epub ahead of print].

47 Lescher S, Czeppan K, Porto L, et al. Acute stroke and obstruction of the extracranial carotid artery combined with intracranial tandem occlusion:results of interventional revascularization[J]. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2015, 38:304-313.

48 Dababneh H, Bashir A, Hussain M, et al. Endovascular treatment of tandem internal carotid and middle cerebral artery occlusions[J]. J Vasc Interv Neurol, 2014, 7:26-31.

49 Stampfl S, Ringleb PA, Mohlenbruch M, et al. Emergency cervical internal carotid artery stenting in combination with intracranial thrombectomy in acute stroke[J]. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2014, 35:741-746.

50 McDonald JS, Brinjikji W, Rabinstein AA, et al. Conscious sedation versus general anaesthesia during mechanical thrombectomy for stroke:a propensity score analysis[J]. J Neurointerv Surg, 2014-09-26. pii:neurintsurg-2014-011373. doi:10.1136/neurintsurg-2014-011373 [Epub ahead of print].

51 Takahashi C, Liang CW, Liebeskind DS, et al. To tube or not to tube? The role of intubation during stroke Thrombectomy[J]. Front Neurol, 2014, 5:170.

52 Davis MJ, Menon BK, Baghirzada LB, et al. Anesthetic management and outcome in patients during endovascular therapy for acute stroke[J]. Anesthesiology, 2012, 116:396-405.

53 Abou-Chebl A, Lin R, Hussain MS, et al. Conscious sedation versus general anesthesia during endovascular therapy for acute anterior circulation stroke:preliminary results from a retrospective, multicenter study[J]. Stroke, 2010, 41:1175-1179.

54 John N, Mitchell P, Dowling R, et al. Is general anaesthesia preferable to conscious sedation in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke with intra-arterial mechanical thrombectomy? A review of the literature[J]. Neuroradiology, 2013, 55:93-100.

55 Talke PO, Sharma D, Heyer EJ, et al. Republished:Society for Neuroscience in Anesthesiology and Critical Care expert consensus statement:Anesthetic management of endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke[J]. Stroke, 2014, 45:e138-e150.

56 Cooray C, Fekete K, Mikulik R, et al. Threshold for NIH stroke scale in predicting vessel occlusion and functional outcome after stroke thrombolysis[J]. Int J Stroke, 2015-01-05. doi:10.1111/ijs.12451 [Epub ahead of print].

57 Nedeltchev K, B Schwegler, T Haefeli, et al. Outcome of stroke with mild or rapidly improving symptoms[J]. Stroke, 2007, 38:2531-2535.

58 Lindsberg PJ, Soinne L, Tatlisumak T, et al. Long-term outcome after intravenous thrombolysis of basilar artery occlusion[J]. JAMA, 2004, 292:1862-1866.

59 Kumar G, Shahripour RB, Alexandrov AV. Recanalization of acute basilar artery occlusion improves outcomes:a meta-analysis. J Neurointerv Surg, 2014-09-30. pii:neurintsurg-2014-011418. doi:10.1136/neurintsurg-2014-011418[Epub ahead of print].

60 Nagel S, Kellert L, Mohlenbruch M, et al. Improved clinical outcome after acute basilar artery occlusion since the introduction of endovascular thrombectomy devices[J]. Cerebrovasc Dis, 2013, 36:394-400.

61 Mohlenbruch M, Stampfl S, Behrens L, et al. Mechanical thrombectomy with stent retrievers in acute basilar artery occlusion[J]. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2014, 35:959-964.

62 Baek JM, Yoon W, Kim SK, et al. Acute basilar artery occlusion:outcome of mechanical thrombectomy with Solitaire stent within 8 hours of stroke onset[J]. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2014, 35:989-993.

63 Broussalis E, Hitzl W, McCoy M, et al. Comparison of endovascular treatment versus conservative medical treatment in patients with acute basilar artery occlusion[J]. Vasc Endovascular Surg, 2013, 47:429-437.

64 Mourand I, Machi P, Nogue E, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging score of the brain stem:A predictor of outcome in acute basilar artery occlusion treated with the Solitaire FR device[J]. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2014, 35:1117-1123.

65 Andersson T, Kuntze Soderqvist A, Soderman M, et al. Mechanical thrombectomy as the primary treatment for acute basilar artery occlusion:experience from 5 years of practice[J]. J Neurointerv Surg, 2013, 5:221-225.

66 Fesl G, Holtmannspoetter M, Patzig M, et al. Mechanical thrombectomy in basilar artery thrombosis:technical advances and safety in a 10-year experience[J]. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol, 2014, 37:355-361.

67 Lutsep HL, Rymer MM,  Nesbit GM. Vertebrobasilar revascularization rates and outcomes in the Merci and multi-Merci trials[J]. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 2008, 17:55-57.

68 Roth C, Mielke A, Siekmann R, et al. First experiences with a new device for mechanical thrombectomy in acute basilar artery occlusion[J]. Cerebrovasc Dis, 2011, 32:28-34.

69 Mordasini P, Brekenfeld C, Byrne JV, et al. Technical feasibility and application of mechanical thrombectomy with the Solitaire FR Revascularization Device in acute basilar artery occlusion[J]. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2013, 34:159-163.

70 Espinosa de Rueda M, Parrilla G, Zamarro J, et al. Treatment of acute vertebrobasilar occlusion using thrombectomy with stent retrievers:initial experience with 18 patients[J]. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2013, 34:1044-1048.

71 Heldner MR, Zubler C, Mattl HP E, et al. National Institutes of Health stroke scale score and vessel occlusion in 2152 patients with acute ischemic stroke[J]. Stroke, 2013, 44:1153-1157.

72 Spiotta AM, Vargas J, Hawk H, et al. Impact of the ASPECT scores and distribution on outcome among patients undergoing thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke. J Neurointerv Surg, 2014 -07-10. pii:neurintsurg-2014-011195. doi:10.1136/neurintsurg-2014-011195 [Epub ahead of print].

73 Daniere F, Lobotesis K, Machi P, et al. Patient selection for stroke endovascular therapy--DWI-ASPECTS thresholds should vary among age groups:insights from the RECOST study[J]. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 2015, 3:32-39.

74 Lemmens R, Mlynash M, Straka M, et al. Comparison of the response to endovascular reperfusion in relation to site of arterial occlusion[J]. Neurology, 2013, 81:614-8.

75 Zhu G, Michel P, Aghaebrahim A, et al. Computed tomography workup of patients suspected of acute ischemic stroke:perfusion computed tomography adds value compared with clinical evaluation, noncontrast computed tomography, and computed tomography angiogram in terms of predicting outcome[J]. Stroke, 2013, 44:1049-1055.

76 Zhu G, Michel P, Aghaebrahim A, et al. Prediction of recanalization trumps prediction of tissue fate:the penumbra:a dual-edged sword[J]. Stroke, 2013, 44:1014-1019.

77 Blackham KA, Meyers PM, Abruzzo TA, et al. Endovascular therapy of acute ischemic stroke:report of the Standards of Practice Committee of the Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery[J]. J Neurointerv Surg, 2012, 4:87-93.

78 中华医学会神经病学分会脑血管病学组急性缺血性脑卒中诊治指南撰写组. 中国急性缺血性脑卒中诊治指南2010[J]. 中华神经科杂志, 2010. 43:146-153.

79 Blanco M, Nombela F, Castellanos M, et al. Statin treatment withdrawal in ischemic stroke:a controlled randomized study[J]. Neurology, 2007, 69:904-910.

80 Flint AC, Kamel H, Navi BB, et al. Statin use during ischemic stroke hospitalization is strongly associated with improved poststroke survival[J]. Stroke, 2012, 43:147-154.

81 Cappellari M, Bovi P, Moretto G, et al. The THRombolysis and STatins (THRaST) study[J]. Neurology, 2013, 80:655-661.