1 Wang Y, Zhao X, Liu L, et al. Prevalence and

outcomes of symptomatic intracranial large artery

stenoses and occlusions in China:The Chinese

Intracranial Atherosclerosis (CICAS) Study[J]. Stroke,

2014, 45:663-669.

2 Teleb MS, Asif K, Castonguay AC, et al. Endovascular

management of int racranial atherosclerosis[J].

Neurosurg Clin N Am, 2014, 25:593-605.

3 Holms t edt CA, Tu r a n TN, Ch imowi tz MI .

Atherosclerotic intracranial arterial stenosis:risk

factors, diagnosis, and treatment[J]. Lancet Neurol,

2013, 12:1106-1114.

4 Shakur SF, Amin-Hanjani S, Bednarski C, et al.

Intracranial blood f low changes after extracranial

carotid ar tery stenting[J]. Neurosurgery, 2015,

76:330-336.

5 Prince MJ, Wu F, Guo Y, et al. The burden of diseasein older people and implications for health policy and

practice[J]. Lancet, 2015, 385:549-562.

6 Chimowitz MI, Waters MF, Hoh BL, et al. Stenting

versus aggressive medical therapy for intracranial

arterial stenosis[J]. N Engl J Med, 2011, 365:993-1003.

7 Derdeyn CP, Chimowitz MI, Lynn MJ, et al.

Aggressive medical treatment with or without stenting

in high-risk patients with intracranial artery stenosis

(SAMMPRIS):the final results of a randomised trial[J].

Lancet, 2014, 383:333-341.

8 Liu L, Wang D, Wong KSL, et al. Stroke and stroke

care in china:huge burden, significant workload, and a

national priority[J]. Stroke, 2011, 42:3651-3654.

9 Leng X, Scalzo F, Ip HL, et al. Computational fluid

dynamics modeling of symptomatic intracranial

athe roscl e rosis may predi c t r i sk of s t roke

recurrence[J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9:e97531.

10 Schirmer CM, Malek AM. Prediction of complex flow

patterns in intracranial atherosclerotic disease using

computational fluid dynamics[J]. Neurosurgery, 2007,

61:842-851, 852.

11 Nesbitt WS, Westein E, Tovar-Lopez FJ, et al. A shear

gradient–dependent platelet aggregation mechanism

drives thrombus formation[J]. Nat Med, 2009, 15:665-

673.

12 Frattolin J, Zarandi MM, Pagiatakis C, et al. Numerical

study of stenotic side branch hemodynamics in

true bifurcation lesions[J]. Comput Biol Med, 2015,

57:130-138.

13 Gijsen FJH, Schuurbiers JCH, van de Giessen AG, et al.

3D reconstruction techniques of human coronary

bifurcations for shear stress computations[J]. J

Biomech, 2014, 47:39-43.

14 The Nor th Amer ica n Symptomat ic Ca rot id

Endarterectomy Trial collaborators. Beneficial effect

of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients

with high-grade carotid stenosis[J]. N Engl J Med,

1991, 325:445-453.

15 Lantz J, Renner J, Länne T, et al. Is aortic wall shear

stress affected by aging? An image-based numerical

study with two age groups[J]. Med Eng Phys, 2015,

37:265-271.

16 Cecchi E, Giglioli C, Valente S, et al. Role of

hemodynamic shear st ress in cardiovascular

disease[J]. Atherosclerosis, 2011, 214:249-256.

17 Dong J, Inthavong K, Tu J. Image-based computational

hemodynamics evaluation of atherosclerotic carotid

bifurcation models[J]. Comput Biol Med, 2013,

43:1353-1362.

18 Rikhtegar F, Wyss C, Stok KS, et al. Hemodynamics incoronary arteries with overlapping stents[J]. J Biomech,

2014, 47:505-511.

19 Zhang C, Xie S, Li S, et al. Flow patterns and

wall shear stress distribution in human internal

carotid arteries:The geometric effect on the risk for

stenoses[J]. J Biomech, 2012, 45:83-89.

20 Huang RF, Yang T, Lan YK. Pulsatile f lows and

wall-shear stresses in models simulating normal and

stenosed aortic arches[J]. Exp Fluids, 2010, 48:497-508.21 Zhang J, Chua LP, Ghista DN, et al. Numerical

investigation and identification of susceptible sites of

atherosclerotic lesion formation in a complete coronary

artery bypass model[J]. Med Biol Eng Comput, 2008,

46:689-699.

22 Dabagh M, Vasava P, Jalali P. Effects of severity and

location of stenosis on the hemodynamics in human

aorta and its branches[J]. Med Biol Eng Comput, 2015,

53:463-476.