1 陈竺. 全国第三次死因回顾抽样调查报告[M]. 北京:

中国协和医科大学出版社, 2008:10-17.

2 Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. The

seventh report of the Joint National Committee on

Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment

of High Blood Pressure:the JNC 7 report[J]. JAMA,

2003, 289:2560-2572.

3 O'Rourke MF. Freder ick Akbar Mahomed[J ].

Hypertension, 1992, 19:212-217.

4 Wolf PA, D'Agostino RB, Belanger AJ, et al. Probability

of stroke:a risk profile from the Framingham Study[J].Stroke, 1991, 22:312-318.

5 Kannel WB, Dawber TR, Sorlie P, et al. Components

of blood pressure and risk of atherothrombotic brain

infarction:the Framingham study[J]. Stroke, 1976,

7:327-331.

6 Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, et al. Agespecific

relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular

mortality:a meta-analysis of individual data for one

million adults in 61 prospective studies[J]. Lancet,

2002, 360:1903-1913.

7 O'Donnell MJ, Xavier D, Liu L, et al. Risk factors for

ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22

countries (the INTERSTROKE study):a case-control

study[J]. Lancet, 2010, 376:112-123.

8 Piotrowski G, Banach M, Gerdts E, et al. Left atrial

size in hypertension and stroke[J]. J Hypertens, 2011,

29:1988-1993.

9 O'Brien E. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood

pressure measurement in clinical practice and

research:a critical review of a technique in need of

implementation[J]. J Intern Med, 2011, 269:478-495.

10 Pickering TG, Shimbo D, Haas D. Ambulatory

blood-pressure monitoring[J]. N Engl J Med, 2006,

354:2368-2374.

11 Hansen TW, Staessen JA, Torp-Pedersen C, et al.

Ambulatory arterial stiffness index predicts stroke in a

general population[J]. J Hypertens, 2006, 24:2247-2253.

12 Hansen TW, Jeppesen J, Rasmussen S, et al.

Ambulatory blood pressure and mortality: a populationbased

study[J]. Hypertension, 2005, 45:499-504.

13 Conen D, Bamberg F. Noninvasive 24-h ambulatory

blood pressure and cardiovascular d isease:a

systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Hypertens,

2008, 26:1290-1299.

14 Dolan E, Stanton A, Thijs L, et al. Superiority of

ambulatory over clinic blood pressure measurement

in predicting mortality:the Dublin outcome study[J].

Hypertension, 2005, 46:156-161.

15 O'Brien E, Parati G, Stergiou G, et al. European

Society of Hypertension position paper on ambulatory

blood pressure monitoring[J]. J Hypertens, 2013,

31:1731-1768.

16 O'Brien E, Sheridan J, O'Malley K. Dippers and nondippers[

J]. Lancet, 1988, 2:397.

17 Shimada K, Kawamoto A, Matsubayashi K, et al. Diurnal

blood pressure variations and silent cerebrovascular

damage in elderly patients with hypertension[J]. J

Hypertens, 1992, 10:875-878.

18 Stolarz K, Staessen JA, O'Brien ET. Night-time blood

pressure:dipping into the future?[J]. J Hypertens,

2002, 20:2131-2133.19 Cuspidi C, Meani S, Salerno M, et al. Cardiovascular

target organ damage in essential hypertensives

with or without reproducible nocturnal fall in blood

pressure[J]. J Hypertens, 2004, 22:273-280.

20 Pickering T, Schwartz J, Verdecchia P, et al. Prediction of

strokes versus cardiac events by ambulatory monitoring

of blood pressure:results from an international

database[J]. Blood Press Monit, 2007, 12:397-399.

21 Boggia J, Thijs L, Hansen TW, et al. Ambulatory

blood pressure monitoring in 9357 subjects from

11 populations highlights missed opportunities for

cardiovascular prevention in women[J]. Hypertension,

2011, 57:397-405.

22 Pickering TG, Davidson K, Gerin W, et al. Masked

hypertension[J]. Hypertension, 2002, 40:795-796.

23 Verberk WJ, Kessels AG, de Leeuw PW. Prevalence,

causes, and consequences of masked hypertension: a

meta-analysis[J]. Am J Hypertens, 2008, 21:969-975.

24 Fukuhara M, Arima H, Ninomiya T, et al. White-coat

and masked hypertension are associated with carotid

atherosclerosis in a general population: the Hisayama

study[J]. Stroke, 2013, 44:1512-1517.

25 Matsui Y, Eguchi K, Ishikawa J, et al. Subclinical

arterial damage in untreated masked hypertensive

subj e ct s det e ct e d by home blood pre s su re

measurement[J]. Am J Hypertens, 2007, 20:385-391.

26 Angeli F, Reboldi G, Verdecchia P. Masked

hypertension:evaluation, prognosis, and treatment[J].

Am J Hypertens, 2010, 23:941-948.

27 Franklin SS, Thijs L, Li Y, et al. Masked hypertension

in diabetes mellitus:treatment implications for clinical

practice[J]. Hypertension, 2013, 61:964-971.

28 White WB, Maraka S. Is it possible to manage

hypertension and evaluate therapy without ambulatory

blood pressure monitoring?[J]. Curr Hypertens Rep,

2012, 14:366-373.

29 Muller JE, Mangel B. Circadian variation and triggers

of cardiovascular disease[J]. Cardiology, 1994, 85

Suppl 2:3-10.

30 Elliott WJ. Circadian variation in the timing of stroke

onset:a meta-analysis[J]. Stroke, 1998, 29:992-996.

31 Ainslie PN, Mur rell C, Peebles K, et al. Early

morning impairment in cerebral autoregulation

and cerebrovascular CO2 reactivit y in healthy

humans:relation to endothelial function[J]. Exp

Physiol, 2007, 92:769-777.

32 Atkinson G, Jones H, Ainslie PN. Circadian variation

in the circulatory responses to exercise:relevance to

the morning peaks in strokes and cardiac events[J].

Eur J Appl Physiol, 2010, 108:15-29.

33 Scheer FA, Hu K, Evoniuk H, et al. Impact ofthe human circadian system, exercise, and their

interaction on cardiovascular function[J]. Proc Natl

Acad Sci USA, 2010, 107:20541-20546.

34 Kario K. Morning surge in blood pressure and

cardiovascular risk:evidence and perspectives[J].

Hypertension, 2010, 56:765-773.

35 Kario K, Pickering TG, Umeda Y, et al. Morning

surge in blood pressure as a predictor of silent

and clinical cerebrovascular disease in elderly

hypertensives:a prospective study[J]. Circulation,

2003, 107:1401-1406.

36 Pierdomenico SD, Pierdomenico AM, Cuccurullo F.

Morning blood pressure surge, dipping, and risk

of ischemic stroke in elderly patients treated for

hypertension[J]. Am J Hypertens, 2014, 27:564-570.

37 Black HR, Elliott WJ, Grandits G, et al. Principal

resul t s of the Cont rol led Onset Ver apami l

Invest igat ion of Cardiovascular End Point s

(CONVINCE) trial[J]. JAMA, 2003, 289:2073-2082.

38 Parat i G, Liu X, Ochoa JE, et al. Prognost ic

relevance of blood pressure variability:role of longterm

and very long-term blood pressure changes[J].

Hypertension, 2013, 62:682-684.

39 Stolarz-Skrzypek K, Thijs L, Li Y, et al. Short-term

blood pressure variability in relation to outcome in the

International Database of Ambulatory blood pressure

in relation to Cardiovascular Outcome (IDACO)[J].

Acta Cardiol, 2011, 66:701-706.

40 Asayama K, Kikuya M, Schutte R, et al. Home blood

pressure variability as cardiovascular risk factor in the

population of Ohasama[J]. Hypertension, 2013, 61:61-69.

41 Muntner P, Shimbo D, Diaz KM, et a l. Low

correlation between visit-to-visit variability and 24-h

variability of blood pressure[J]. Hypertens Res, 2013,

36:940-946.

42 Menni C, Mangino M, Zhang F, et al. Heritability

analyses show visit-to-visit blood pressure variability

reflects different pathological phenotypes in younger and

older adults:evidence from UK twins[J]. J Hypertens,

2013, 31:2356-2361.

43 Mancia G, Grassi G. Mechanisms and clinical

implications of blood pressure variability[J]. J

Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 2000, 35(7 Suppl 4):S15-S19.

44 Rothwell PM, Howard SC, Dolan E, et al. Prognostic

significance of visit-to-visit variability, maximum

systolic blood pressure, and episodic hypertension[J].

Lancet, 2010, 375:895-905.

45 Webb AJ, Fischer U, Mehta Z, et al. Effects of

antihyper tensive-drug class on interindividual

variation in blood pressure and risk of stroke:a

systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Lancet, 2010,375:906-915.

46 Mancia G, Facchetti R, Parati G, et al. Visit-to-visit

blood pressure variability, carotid atherosclerosis, and

cardiovascular events in the European Lacidipine

Study on Atherosclerosis[J]. Circulation, 2012,

126:569-578.

47 Uhl ig K, Patel K, Ip S, et al. Sel f-measured

blood pressure monitoring in the management of

hypertension:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J].

Ann Intern Med, 2013, 159:185-194.

48 Muxfeldt ES, Bloch KV, Nogueira Ada R, et al. True

resistant hypertension:is it possible to be recognized

in the office?[J]. Am J Hypertens, 2005, 18:1534-1540.

49 Mancia G, Zanchetti A. White-coat hypertension:

misnomers, misconceptions and misunderstandings.

What should we do next?[J]. J Hypertens, 1996,

14:1049-1052.

50 Franklin SS, Thijs L, Hansen TW, et al. Significance

of white-coat hypertension in older persons with

isolated systolic hypertension:a meta-analysis using the

International Database on Ambulatory Blood Pressure

Monitoring in Relation to Cardiovascular Outcomespopulation[J]. Hypertension, 2012, 59:564-571.

51 Pierdomenico SD, Cuccurullo F. Prognostic value

of white-coat and masked hypertension diagnosed

by ambulatory monitoring in initially untreated

subjects:an updated meta analysis[J]. Am J Hypertens,

2011, 24:52-58.

52 Mancia G, Facchetti R, Bombelli M, et al. Longterm

risk of mortality associated with selective and

combined elevation in office, home, and ambulatory

blood pressure[J]. Hypertension, 2006, 47:846-853.

53 Beckett NS, Peters R, Fletcher AE, et al. Treatment of

hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older[J]. N

Engl J Med, 2008, 358:1887-1898.

54 Bulpitt CJ, Beckett N, Peters R, et al. Does white coat

hypertension require treatment over age 80?:Results of

the hypertension in the very elderly trial ambulatory

blood pressure side project[J]. Hypertension, 2013,

61:89-94.

55 Gaciong Z, Sinski M, Lewandowski J. Blood pressure

control and primary prevention of stroke:summary

of the recent clinical trial data and meta-analyses[J].

Curr Hypertens Rep, 2013, 15:559-574.