脑静脉血栓的影像诊断

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

脑静脉血栓（cerebral venous thrombosis，CVT）是一类累及脑静脉及静脉窦的少见卒中，临床诊断困难，延误诊断易导致不良预后。神经影像是早期诊断CVT的关键。颅脑磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging，MRI）联合磁共振静脉血管成像（magnetic resonance venography，MRV）是临床最常用、最敏感的影像诊断技术。颅脑MRI的T1、T2、T2 *序列可发现CVT导致的继发脑实质损害（间接征象）或静脉部位的血栓信号（直接征象），再进一步通过MRV显示的静脉血栓信号（直接征象）证实诊断，若仍不能做出诊断，可考虑进行数字减影血管造影（digital subtraction angiography，DSA）以明确诊断。CVT的影像诊断过程中也存在许多陷阱或误区，掌握一定的脑静脉解剖及变异的知识对快速准确做出CVT的诊断非常重要。

文章导读： 对目前临床常用的脑静脉血栓的影像诊断方法进行系统全面的总结，有助于快速准确地对脑静脉
血栓做出诊断。

关键词: 脑静脉血栓; 磁共振成像; 磁共振静脉血管成像; 计算机断层扫描静脉成像

Abstract:

Cerebral venous thrombosis, including thrombosis of cerebral veins and major dural sinuses, is an uncommon disorder in the general population. It may have disastrous consequences if not diagnosed and treated promptly. Imaging plays a primary role in its diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head combined with magnetic resonance venography (MRV) is the most sensitive study for detection of cerebral venous thrombosis in the acute, subacute, and chronic phases. If the diagnosis is still uncertain after MRI and MRV has been performed, cerebral angiography may be indicated. Knowledge of normal venous variations and potential pitfalls related to image interpretation are important for achieving an accurate diagnosis.

Key words: Cerebral venous thrombosis; Magnetic resonance imaging; Magnetic resonance
venography; Computed tomography venography

周立新，倪俊，朱以诚，姚明，彭斌，崔丽英. 脑静脉血栓的影像诊断[J]. 中国卒中杂志, 2014, 9(10): 837-845.

ZHOU Li-Xin, NI Jun, ZHU Yi-Cheng, YAO Ming, PENG Bin, CUI Li-Ying.. Imaging of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis[J]. Chinese Journal of Stroke, 2014, 9(10): 837-845.

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