关键词: 卒中; 康复; 神经调控技术; 脑机接口; 神经可塑性

Abstract: Stroke is characterized by high incidence, high mortality, and high disability rates. The burden of stroke is severe in China, with survivors often experiencing motor, cognitive, and other functional impairments. However, conventional rehabilitation techniques have certain limitations. Against this backdrop, neuromodulation technology is driving innovation in stroke rehabilitation, guided by the key trends of integration, closed-loop systems, and precision. As a current research focus, brain-computer interface (BCI) demonstrates strong potential in the field of stroke rehabilitation through unique mechanisms such as the “intent-action” closed loop. However, the efficacy of single neuromodulation techniques remains limited, making multimodal integration strategies an emerging application and research trend aimed at enhancing rehabilitation outcomes through technological synergy. The mechanisms of neuromodulation primarily involve neuroplasticity and functional reorganization. The closed-loop systems combining BCI with other devices have shown remarkable advantages in stroke rehabilitation. Currently, the field still faces challenges such as heterogeneous treatment effects and unclear response mechanisms. Future development should focus on individualization, precision, and intelligence. With the deep integration of neuromodulation technology and cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, the prospect of individualized and precision stroke rehabilitation is promising.

Key words: Stroke; Rehabilitation; Neuromodulation technology; Brain-computer interface; Neuroplasticity